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6 Sci Test 7 Ch 4A
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| astronomy | the study of the star, planets, and all other heavenly bodies |
| astronomers | scientist who study outer space |
| vacuum | an area containing no air or any other matter |
| friction | the force that resists motion |
| galaxy | a star system containing from millions to billions of stars |
| Milky Way | the galaxy in which we live |
| Local Group | the cluster of about 40 galaxies that includes the Milky Way |
| barred spiral | a spiral galaxy in which the spiral arms are attached to a straight "bar" that runs through the center of the galaxy |
| nebulae | large clouds of gas and dust in space |
| constellation | the star outlining an imaginary picture in the sky |
| axis of rotation | an imaginary line that stretches from pole to pole through the interior of the earth, around which the earth rotates |
| core (of sun) | the central part of the sun that is the hottest region |
| photosphere | the sun's visible surface ("sphere of light:") |
| sunspots | darker spots of blotches that slowly move across the face of the sun as the sun rotates |
| solar eclipse | an event that occurs when the earth's moon passes in front of the sun, blocking the sun's light |
| chromosphere | the part of the sun's atmosphere closest to the sun's surface, has a delicate pink or orange color ("sphere of color") |
| corona | hottest region of the sun's atmosphere; a haze of very hot gases that extends hundreds of thousands of miles from the surface of the sun |
| solar wind | a faint "wind" of high-speed particles that stream from the sun |
| light year | the distance light travels in one year (about 5.9 trillion miles) |
| nova | an occurrence when a star suddenly flares up to many times its original brightness |
| supernova | the actual explosion of a star |
| Andromeda galaxy | most distant object visible with the unaided eye |
| closest 3 galaxies to our own | Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy, Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud |
| 3 types of galaxies | spiral, elliptical & irregular |
| Polaris | name of the North Star also in Ursa Minor |
| Sirius | brightest star in the sky |
| Proxima Centauri | Closest star (except Sun) to Earth, |
| distance from the earth to the sun | 93 million miles |
| Algol | star in constellation Perseus |
| Regulus | star in constellation Leo (The Lion) |
| Deneb | star in constellation Cygnus (The Swan) |
| Castor | star in constellation Gemini (The Twins) |
| Pollux | star in constellation Gemini (The Twins) |
| Betelgeuse | star in constellation Orion (The Hunter) |
| Rigel | star in constellation Orion (The Hunter) |
| Aldebaran | star in constellation Taurus (The Bull) |
| Sirius | star in constellation Canis Major (The Big Dog) |
| Alpha Centauri | star in constellation Centaurus |
| solar prominence | a huge loop of cooler gas that erupts thousands of miles from the chromosphere |
| solar flare | tremendous burst of energy on sun caused by sudden changes in sun's magnetic field |
| apparent magnitude | the apparent brightness of a star as seen from the earth absolute magnitude |
| absolute magnitude | the actual brightness of a star, or how much light the star produces |
| binary star | a group of two stars that circle around each other; a double star |
| optical double | a pair of stars that appear very close together from our perspective on earth, but are actually far apart |
Created by:
Mrs_CC
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