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Genetics
EOCT Practice
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| allele | form of a gene |
| gene | location on a chromosome or a section of DNA that codes for a trait |
| trait | characteristic that can be inherited |
| Genotype | Combination of alleles that determine phenotype |
| Phenotype | Physical appearance determined by genotype |
| Mendel | Father of Genetics |
| mRNA | brings message of DNA to ribosome; leaves nucleus |
| tRNA | brings amino acid to ribosome to make protein |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; site of protein synthesis |
| nucleotide | makes up nucleic acid; composed of a phosphate, sugar and a base |
| base pair rule | A-T, C-G (purine-pyrimidine) |
| purine | two ring molecule = guanine and adenine |
| pyrimidine | single ring molecule = cytosine and thymine |
| codon | 3 bases on mRNA |
| anticodon | 3 bases on tRNA |
| gene | segment of DNA |
| chromosome | structure made of DNA, found in nucleus |
| replication | DNA is copied |
| transcription | mRNA is made from DNA |
| location of translation | ribosome in cytoplasm |
| location of replication | nucleus |
| location of transcription | nucleus |
| used for eukaryotic cell growth and replacement | mitosis |
| steps of mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm at the end of mitosis |
| prophase | chromosomes pair up, chromatin condenses |
| chromatin | think tinsel - loose DNA in nucleus |
| metaphase | chromosomes moved to middle by spindle fibers |
| anaphase | chromosomes moved apart |
| telophase | two new nuclei formed |
| cell cycle | pattern of cell growth |
| G1 | growth, normal cell activities |
| S | synthesis, DNA replicated |
| G2 | more growth, before mitosis |
| diploid | full count of chromosomes; in humans is 46 |
| haploid | half count of chromosomes; in humans is 23 |
| zygote | fertilized egg; diploid |
| gamete | egg or sperm |
| germ cell | gamete; meiosis |
| somatic cell | body cell; mitosis |
| crossing over | occurs in prophase; makes us unique; homologous chromosomes swap parts |
| homologous chromosomes | one from each parent, code for same genes |
| homozygous allele | same version of the allele (aa) |
| heterozygous allele | different version of allele (Aa) |
| law of segregation | Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes |
| law of independent assortment | Allele pairs separate independently of each other during meiosis; inherited separately |
| mutagen | agent in the environment that cause genetic mutation |
| examples of mutagens | radiation, chemicals, tobacco, viruses |
Created by:
mrsstevens
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