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science book
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organism | a living thing |
| living things are made out of | cells |
| seven characteristics of living things | movement respiration sensitivity feeding excretion reproduction growth |
| nutrition | the way living things get and use their food |
| respiration | the way living things get energy |
| excretion | the getting rid of wastes that are made in cells |
| growth | growth results from cells dividing |
| reproduction | producing new individuals of the same kind |
| response | ability to react to changes in the environment |
| plants | organisms that have a leaf,stem and roots and sometimes a fruit or flower |
| animals | animals are creatures that can have eyes,ears,hair,fur,legs,wings,shell,fins,gills and so on |
| vertebrates | animals that have a backbone |
| invertebrates | animals that don't have a backbone |
| uses of animals | provide food for humans and other animals. keep them as pets which reduces stress. |
| living things are identified using a | a key |
| cell membrane | a skin that surrounds the cell,protects the cell and controls the things that enter and leave the cell |
| cytoplasm | a watery substance containing dissolved substances such as proteins and sugars |
| nucleus | control center of the cell |
| eyepiece lens | magnifies by 10x |
| objective lenses | low power x4 medium power x 10 high power x40 |
| tissue | a group of similar cells with the same function e.g muscle |
| organ | many different tissues working together e.g the heart |
| system | group of organs working together e.g circulatory system |
| food is needed | as a source of energy provide material for growth |
| photosynthesis | plants make their own food |
| water | is a excellent solvent allows substances to be transported |
| Carbohydrates | sugar-> provides energy eg. honey,milk starch-> provides energy eg. pasta,bread fibre-> prevents constipation eg. cereals |
| proteins | for growth and repair of cells to make muscle and hair eg. lean meat,eggs |
| fats | provide store of energy for insulation eg. butter,milk,cheese |
| vitamins | vit C-> healthy skin&gums eg. oranges,kiwi lack of vit C causes scurvy Vit D -> build strong bones&teeth eg. milk,yogurt lack of vit D causes rickets |
| minerals | iron-> needed to make red blood cells eg. liver lack of iron cause anaemia calcium->healthy bones&teeth eg. tinned salmon |
| test for starch | iodine |
| test for glucose | benedicts solution |
| test for protein | sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate |
| test for starch | butter |
| food is measured | in kilojoules |
| food pyramid | guideline showing types of food needed each day |
| digestion | breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small soluble food molecules |
| enzymes | biological catalysts |
| types of digestion | physical and chemical |
| amylase | starch + amylase -> maltose + amylase SUBSTRATE ENZYME PRODUCT ENZYME UNCHANGED |
| eating | food taken into the mouth |
| absorption | digested food is taken into the bloodstream and carried to the cells |
| digestive system | mouth oesophagus stomach small intestine large intestine |
| Mouth | physical digestion by teeth chemical digestion my enzyme |
| oesophagus | carries food from the mouth to the stomach |
| stomach | food is mixed with digestive enzyme and churned |
| liver | produces bile |
| pancreas | produces digestive enzyme |
| small intestine | completes digestion digested food absorbed into bloodstream |
| large intestine | takes water back into bloodstream |
| incisor | cutting and biting food |
| canine | tearing food |
| pre molar | crushing and grinding food |
| molar | crushing and grinding food |
Created by:
aoife3698
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