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Biology Unit 8C

Biology

TermDefinition
Metastasis The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site.
Mitosis The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. Mitosis and cytokinesis make up the mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle.
Mitotic (M) phase - The part of the cell cycle when the nucleus is divided (via mitosis), its chromosomes are distributed to the daughter nuclei, and the cytoplasm divided (via cytokinesis), producing two daughter cells.
Mitotic spindle - A football-shaped structure formed of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
Nondisjunction - An accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate at anaphase.
Prometaphase The second stage of mitosis, during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids.
Prophase The first stage of mitosis, during which the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still intact.
Sarcoma - Cancer of the supportive tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle.
Sex Chromosome A chromosome that determines whether an individual is male or female.
Sexual reproduction The creation of offspring by the fusion of two haploid sex cells (gametes), forming a diploid zygote.
Sister chromatids One of the two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryotic cell.
Somatic cell Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell or a cell that develops into a sperm or egg.
Telophase The fifth and final stage of mitosis, during which daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell. Telophase usually occurs together with cytokinesis.
Tetrad - A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.
Translocation- - (1) During protein synthesis, the movement of a tRNA molecule carrying a growing polypeptide chain from the A site to the P site on a ribosome. (The mRNA travels with it.) (2) A change in a chromosome resulting from a chromosomal fragment attaching to a
Translocation- nonhomologous chromosome; can occur as a result of an error in meiosis or from mutagenesis.
Trisomy 21- See Down syndrome.
Tumor- - An abnormal mass of cells that forms within otherwise normal tissue.
Zygote The fertilized egg, which is diploid, that results from the union of a sperm cell nucleus and an egg cell nucleus.
Created by: gomulry
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