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PHS ES Chp.1
Prentice Hall Intro. to Earth Science Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| science | a way of learning about the natural world and the knowledge gained through that process. |
| Hypothesis | a possible explanation to a scientific question or problem. Based on observations or knowledge gained from previous experiences. |
| Controlled Experiment | a test of a hypothesis under established conditions. |
| variable | one of the factors that can change in an experiment. |
| manipulated variable | the variable that changes. (independent variable) |
| responding variable | the variable that changes as a result of the manipulated variable.(dependent variable_ |
| data | facts, fiqures and other evidence gathered during the experiment. |
| scientific theory | a well-tested scientific concept that explains a wide range of observations. An accepted theory has withstood repeated tests. Unproved theories are abandoned. |
| scientific law | describes an observed pattern in nature, but does not provide an explanation for it. For example, The Law of Superposition states that in horixontal rock layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom. This law has been tested repeatedly and found to be true |
| Earth science | the term refers to the knowledge about Earth and its place in the universe. |
| system | a group of parts that work together as a whole. |
| energy | the ability to do work or cause change. |
| constructive forces | forces that change the Earth's surface by building up mountains and landmasses. |
| destructive forces | forces that change the Earth's surface by slowly wearing away mountains and other features on Earth. |
| biosphere | growing plants changes the surface of the lithosphere and the composition of the atmosphere. |
| lithosphere | vocanoes in the lithosphere release gases and particles into the atmosphere. Both change the Earth. |
| hydrosphere | Earth's oceans affect the temperature of the atmosphere. The force of water shapes the surface of the Earth. |
| atmosphere | storms bring rains that change Earth's surface. |
| geologist | a scientist that studies the forces that make and shape planet Earth. |
| oceanographer | a scientist who studies Earth's oceans |
| meteorologist | a scientist who studies the causes of weather and tries to predict it |
| astronomer | a scientist who studies the universe beyond Earth |
| environmental scientist | a scientist who studies the effects of human activities on Earth's land, air, water, and living things and also tries to solve problems relating to the use of resources. |
| technology | how people modify the world around them to meet their needs or to solve practical problems. |
| engineer | a person who is trained to use both technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. |
Created by:
melaniebird
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