Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
SLS Bio12 Digestion
SLS Bio12 Digestion AV
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | The process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis, as in absorption of nutrients by the digestive system, or absorption of drugs into the bloodstream. |
| Anaerobic Bacteria | Bacteria that are capable of living in the absence of molecular oxygen. |
| Anus | the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste matter leaves the body. |
| Appendix | a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals. |
| Bile | a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. |
| Capillary | any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules. |
| Cardiac Sphincter | the valve between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach; the physiological sphincter at the esophagogastric junction |
| Chemical Digestion | The process in which chemicals in the body separate large food molecules into smaller ones so they can pass through the wall (=outer layer) of the intestine. |
| Digestive Enzyme | Digestive enzymes are enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks. |
| Digestive Tract | alimentary canal: tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus. |
| Duodenum | the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum. |
| Emulsification | the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles. It is accomplished mainly by bile acids in the small intestine. |
| Epiglottis | a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe. |
| Esophagus | the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane. |
| Gall Bladder | the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine. |
| Gastric Juice | a thin, clear, virtually colorless acidic fluid secreted by the stomach glands and active in promoting digestion. |
| Hydrochloric Acid | The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric humidity. |
| Insulin | a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes. |
| Intestinal Juice | secretions by glands lining the walls of the intestines |
| Lacteals | the lymphatic vessels of the small intestine that absorb digested fats. |
| Large Intestine | the cecum, colon, and rectum collectively. |
| Lipase | a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols. |
| Liver | a large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates, involved in many metabolic processes. |
| Maltase | an enzyme, present in saliva and pancreatic juice, that catalyzes the breakdown of maltose and similar sugars to form glucose. |
| Microvillus | each of a large number of minute projections from the surface of some cells. |
| Nuclease | an enzyme that cleaves the chains of nucleotides in nucleic acids into smaller units. |
| Pancreas | a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon. |
| Pancreatic Amylase | Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars found in the pancreas. |
| Pancreatic Juice | the clear alkaline digestive fluid secreted by the pancreas. |
| PEpsin | the chief digestive enzyme in the stomach, which breaks down proteins into polypeptides. |
| Pepsinogen | a substance that is secreted by the stomach wall and converted into the enzyme pepsin by gastric acid. |
| Peptidase | an enzyme that breaks down peptides into amino acids. |
| Peristalsis | the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward. |
| pH | The logarithmic function of percent hydrogen ions in a substance. |
| Pharynx | the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus. |
| Physical Digestion | the breakdown of food by physical means. |
| PRotease | an enzyme that breaks down proteins and peptides. |
| Pyloric SPhincter | the sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum |
| Rectum | the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus. |
| Salivary Amylase | Any of a group of enzymes that are present in saliva,that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to sugar to produce carbohydrate derivatives. |
| Salivary Gland | any of three pairs of glands in the mouth and digestive system that secrete saliva for digestion |
| Salivary Juice/Saliva | watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands, providing lubrication for chewing and swallowing, and aiding digestion. |
| Small INtestine | the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively. |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | a soluble white powder used in fire extinguishers and effervescent drinks and as a leavening agent in baking. |
| Stomach | the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs, being (in humans and many mammals) a pear-shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal linking the esophagus to the small intestine. |
| Swallowing | cause or allow (something, esp. food or drink) to pass down the throat. |
| Trypsin | a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins in the small intestine. It is secreted by the pancreas in an inactive form, trypsinogen. |
| Villus | any of numerous minute elongated projections set closely together on a surface, typically increasing its surface area for the absorption of substances, in particular. |
Created by:
avandenberg2
Popular Biology sets