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Digestion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | The process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis, absorption of drugs into the bloodstream. |
| anaerobic bacteria | any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. It may react negatively or even die if oxygen is present,- gastrointestinal tract |
| anus | the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste matter leaves the body. |
| appendix | a worm-shaped process projecting from the blind end of the caecum |
| bile | Bile is secreted by the liver and contains cholesterol, bile salts and waste products such as bilirubin. Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats |
| capillary | Any one of the minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules, forming a network in nearly all parts of the body |
| cardiac sphincter | The process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body aid of enzymes |
| chemical digestion | The process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body aid of enzymes |
| digestive enzyme | enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body |
| duodenum | After foods mix with stomach acid, they move into the duodenum, where they mix with bile from the gallbladder and digestive juices from the pancreas. Absorption of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients begins in the duodenum |
| emulsification | to turn into a fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible. |
| Epiglottis | a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe |
| esophagus | the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet, passage way |
| gall bladder | small organ where bile is stored, before it is released into the small intestine. In humans, |
| gastric juice | a thin, clear, virtually colorless acidic fluid secreted by the stomach glands and active in promoting digestion. |
| hydrochloric acid | a strongly acidic solution of the gas hydrogen chloride in water |
| insulin | a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood |
| intestinal juice | the enzyme trypsin exists in pancreatic juice in the inactive form trypsinogen, it is activated by the intestinal enterokinase in intestinal juice. Digest protein |
| lacteals | absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine. large intestine (colon), |
| lipase | a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols. |
| Liver | detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion , maltase- an enzyme, present in saliva and pancreatic juice, that catalyzes the breakdown of maltose and similar sugars to form glucose. |
| Maltase | an enzyme, present in saliva and pancreatic juice, that catalyzes the breakdown of maltose and similar sugars to form glucose. |
| Nuclease | an enzyme that cleaves the chains of nucleotides in nucleic acids into smaller units. |
| Pancreas | a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon. |
| Pancreatic amylase | |
| pancreatic juice | |
| pepsin | the chief digestive enzyme in the stomach, which breaks down proteins into polypeptides. |
| pepsinogen | inactive form of pepsin, needs to be activated by HCL pH lower than two in the stomach. Secreted by gastric glands |
| peptidase | an enzyme that breaks down peptides into amino acids.Secreted and used in SM |
| peristalsis | the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward. |
| pharynx | the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus. |
| protease | an enzyme that breaks down proteins and peptides. |
| pyloric sphinter | |
| rectum | |
| salivary amylase | |
| salivary glans | |
| saliva | |
| small intestine | |
| Sodium bicarbonate | |
| stomach | |
| swallowing | |
| trypsis | |
| villus |
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