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biology chapter 8-9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| autotroph | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer |
| heterotroph | organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer |
| adenosine triphosphate | on of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbs such as sugars and starches |
| pigment | light-absorbing molecule |
| chlorophyll | principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms; captures light energy |
| thylakoid | saclike photosynthesis membrane found in chloroplasts |
| photosynthesis | light-collecting units of the chloroplast |
| stroma | region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloraplasts |
| NAPD+ | one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll |
| light-dependent reactions | reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH |
| ATP synthesis | large protein that uses energy from h+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP |
| Calvin cycle | reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such a sugars |
| calorie | amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius |
| glycolysis | first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
| cellular respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
| NAD+ | electron carrier involved in glycolysis |
| fermentation | process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen |
| anaerobic | process that does nit require oxygen |
| aerobic | process that requires oxygen |
| Krebs cycle | second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions |
| electron transport chain | a series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the tge Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP |
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jhmecb13
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