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SLS Bio 12 Digestion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | The taking in of substance particles , generally in molecular or ionic form. this is the process by which food nutrients enter the villi of the ileum. |
| Appendix | a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals. |
| Bile | bile plays an important role in the intestinal absorption of fats |
| Cardiac Sphincter | is a ring of muscles that create the valve in the lower esophageal area. |
| Chemical Digestion | t's the chemical breakdown of food into simpler compounds. Proteins are broken down to amino acids, carbohydrates are broken down to simple sugars, and fats are broken down to fatty acids and glycerol. |
| Digestive Enzyme | Digestive enzymes are enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body. |
| Duodenum | First Part of the small intestine that is connected to the stomach, this is the area of the digestive system that completes most of the food breakdown passed on from the stomach. |
| Emulsification | Emulsification is the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller and uniformly distributed particles by use of bile acids. |
| Epiglottis | A flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which i depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe. |
| Oesophagus | The part of the alimentary canal which connects the throat to the stomach. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane. |
| Gall Bladder | he small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine. |
| Gastric Juice | a thin, clear, virtually colourless acid fluid secreted by the stomach glands and active in promoting digestion. |
| Insulin | a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes. |
| Intestinal Juice | secretions by glands lining the walls of the intestines |
| Lacteals | the lymphatic vessels of the small intestine which absorb digested fats. |
| Large Intestine (Colon) | The large intestine is comprised of the colon, and rectum. Its main function is to absorb water from stool and eliminate the residues of digestion. |
| Lipase | a pancreatic enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols. |
| Maltase | an enzyme, present in saliva and pancreatic juice, which catalyses the breakdown of maltose and similar sugars to form glucose. |
| Microvillus | each of a large number of minute projections from the surface of some cells. |
| Nuclease | an enzyme that cleaves the chains of nucleotides in nucleic acids into smaller units. |
| Pancreas | a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon. |
| Pancreatic Amylase | Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. |
| Pancreatic Juice | the clear alkaline digestive fluid secreted by the pancreas. |
| Pepsin | he chief digestive enzyme in the stomach, which breaks down proteins into polypeptides. |
| Pepsinogen | a substance that is secreted by the stomach wall and converted into the enzyme pepsin by gastric acid. |
| Peptidase | an enzyme that breaks down peptides into amino acids. |
| Peristalsis | the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward. |
| Pharynx | the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the oesophagus. |
| Physical Digestion | Physical digestion is, basically, "mashing." The food is ground up (by the teeth), mashed into a paste (by the stomach), and so forth. |
| Protease | an enzyme that breaks down proteins and peptides. |
| Pyloric Sphincter | the sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum |
| Salivary Amylase | Salivary amylase is the enzyme in the saliva that breaks down starches into sugars. This is what starts the digestive process. Amylase is also made in the pancreas. |
| Salivary Gland | any of three pairs of glands in the mouth and digestive system that secrete saliva for digestion |
| Small Intestine | the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively. |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | A white, crystalline powder that is used as an electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkaliser. |
| Small Intestine | the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively. |
| Stomach | The internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs |
| Trypsin | a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins in the small intestine. It is secreted by the pancreas in an inactive form, trypsinogen. |
| Villus | ny of numerous minute elongated projections set closely together on a surface, typically increasing its surface area for the absorption of substances, in particular. |
Created by:
Ama B
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