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SLSBio12DigestionAC
SLS Bio12 Digestion AC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | he process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another |
| anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that doesn't require oxygen for growth |
| anus | opening at the opposite end of digestive tract from the mouth, function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion |
| appendix | blind-ended tube connected to the cecum |
| bile | bitter-tasting, dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. |
| capillary | smallest of a body's blood vessels and are parts of its microcirculation |
| cardiac sphincter | part of the stomach attached to the esophagus |
| chemical digestion | chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed into a blood stream |
| digestive enzyme | enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body |
| digestive tract | the stomach and intestine, sometimes including all the structures from the mouth to the anus |
| duodenum | the first section of the small intestine - shortest part of the small intestine, where most chemical digestion takes place. |
| emulsification | breakdown of large fat globules into smaller and uniformly distributed particles by use of bile acids. It may also be the process of dispersing one liquid in a second liquid where the two liquids are immiscible. |
| epiglottis | The thin elastic cartilaginous structure located at the root of the tongue that folds over the glottis to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea during the act of swallowing. |
| esophagus | The muscular membranous tube for the passage of food from the pharynx to the stomach; the gullet. |
| gall bladder | A small, pear-shaped muscular sac, located under the right lobe of the liver, in which bile secreted by the liver is stored until needed by the body for digestion. |
| gastric juice | The colorless, watery, acidic digestive fluid that is secreted by various glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach and consists chiefly of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, rennin, and mucin. |
| hydrochloric acid (HCl) | highly acidic aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, HCl, It is found in the stomach in dilute form. |
| insulin | hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans and functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, especially the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level. |
| intestinal juice | secretions by glands lining the walls of the intestines |
| lacteals | Anatomy Of or relating to any of numerous minute intestinal lymph-carrying vessels that convey chyle from the intestine to lymphatic circulation and thereby to the thoracic duct. |
| large intestine (colon) | The portion of the intestine that extends from the ileum to the anus, forming an arch around the convolutions of the small intestine and including the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. |
| lipase | Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of fats into glycerol and fatty acids. |
| liver | secretes bile and is active in the formation of certain blood proteins and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. |
| maltase | An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose to glucose. |
| microvillus | Any of the minute hairlike structures projecting from the surface of certain types of epithelial cells, especially those of the small intestine. |
| nuclease | Any of several enzymes, such as endonucleases and exonucleases, that hydrolize nucleic acids. |
| pancreas | A long, irregularly shaped gland in vertebrates, lying behind the stomach, that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum and insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin into the bloodstream. |
| pancreatic amylase | Any of a group of enzymes that are present in saliva, pancreatic juice, and parts of plants and catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to sugar to produce carbohydrate derivatives. |
| pancreatic juice | A clear alkaline secretion of the pancreas containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. |
| pepsin | A digestive enzyme found in gastric juice that catalyzes the breakdown of protein to peptides. |
| pepsinogen | The inactive precursor to pepsin, formed in cells of the mucous membrane of the stomach and converted to pepsin by autocatalysis in the presence of hydrochloric acid. |
| peptidase | An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptides into amino acids. |
| pharynx | The section of the alimentary canal that extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus. |
| physical digestion | The process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body. It is accomplished in the alimentary canal by the mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of foods into simpler chemical compounds. |
| protease | Any of various enzymes, including the endopeptidases and exopeptidases, that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of proteins into peptides or amino acids. |
| pyloric sphincter | A ring of smooth muscle fibers around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum. |
| rectum | The terminal portion of the large intestine, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal. |
| salivary amylase | Any of a group of enzymes that are present in saliva, pancreatic juice, and parts of plants and catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to sugar to produce carbohydrate derivatives. |
| salivary gland | A gland that secretes saliva, especially any of three pairs of large glands, the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual, whose secretions enter the mouth and mingle in saliva. |
| salivary juice/saliva | The watery mixture of secretions from the salivary and oral mucous glands that lubricates chewed food, moistens the oral walls, and contains ptyalin. |
| small intestine | The narrow, winding, upper part of the intestine where digestion is completed and nutrients are absorbed by the blood. It extends from the pylorus to the cecum and consists of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. |
| sodium bicarbonate | a white water-soluble powder, NaHCO3, used chiefly as an antacid |
| stomach | The enlarged, saclike portion of the alimentary canal, one of the principal organs of digestion, located in vertebrates between the esophagus and the small intestine. |
| swallowing | To cause (food or drink, for example) to pass through the mouth and throat into the stomach. |
| trypsin | A pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to form smaller polypeptide units. |
| villus | A minute projection arising from a mucous membrane, especially: a. One of the numerous vascular projections of the small intestine. b. One of the fingerlike projections of the chorion that contribute to the formation of the placenta in mammals. |
Created by:
acabrera
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