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SLSbio12digestionSJ
SLS Bio 12 Digestion SJ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | The process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis |
| anaerobic bacteria | Bacteria that utilize oxygen for growth and oxygen-based metabolism |
| anus | the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste matter leaves the body |
| appendix | responsible for the breaking down of cellulose which composes the cell wall |
| bile | plays an important role in the intestinal absorption of fats. it is secreted by the liver and contains cholesterol, bile salts and waste products such as bilirubin |
| capillary | Any 1 of the minute vessels that connect the arterioles/venules, forming a network in nearly all parts of the body. Their walls act as semipermeable membranes for the interchange of various substances, including fluids, between the blood and tissue fluid |
| cardiac sphincter | A ringlike band of muscle fibres that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice, this one is the valve between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach |
| chemical digestion | he process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body. It is accomplished in the alimentary canal by the mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of foods into simpler chemical compounds. |
| digestive enzyme | enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body. found in various places of the body |
| digestive tract | The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus |
| duodenum | which is the first portion of the small intestine, is about 25 cm long and 5 cm in diameter and is the most fixed portion of the small intestine |
| emulsification | the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles. It is accomplished mainly by bile acids in the small intestine. it is the first preparation of fat for chemical digestion by specific enzymes |
| epiglottis | he thin elastic cartilaginous structure located at the root of the tongue that folds over the glottis to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea during the act of swallowing |
| esophagus | the musculomembranous passage extending from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| gall bladder | A small, pear-shaped muscular sac, located under the right lobe of the liver, in which bile secreted by the liver is stored until needed by the body for digestion |
| gastric juice | The colorless, watery, acidic digestive fluid that is secreted by various glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach and consists chiefly of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, rennin, and mucin. |
| hydrochloric acid | the acid that is contained in the stomach |
| insulin | The major fuel-regulating hormone, it is secreted into the blood in response to a rise in concentration of blood glucose or amino acids. Insulin promotes the storage of glucose and the uptake of amino acids, increases protein and lipid synthesis |
| intestinal juice | the secretion of the intestinal glands |
| lacteals | referring to the tiny vessels in the villi of the wall of the small intestine through which chylomicrons are absorbed and released into the lymphatic system |
| large intestine | he distal portion of the intestine, about 5 feet long, extending from its junction with the small intestine to the anus and comprising the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. |
| lipase | any enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of a fatty acid anion from a triglyceride or phospholipid. |
| liver | the large, dark-red gland in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side, just beneath the diaphragm. Its functions include storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, conversion of sugars into glycogen, and many other metabolic activities. |
| maltase | An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose to glucose |
| microvillus | Any of the minute hairlike structures projecting from the surface of certain types of epithelial cells, especially those of the small intestine. |
| nuclease | any of a group of enzymes that split nucleic acids into nucleotides and other products. |
| pancreas | A gland without a capsule from the duodenum to the spleen, consisting of a flattened head within the duodenal, a 3 sided body across the abdomen, that touches the spleen secreting insulin/glucagon internally and pancreatic juice externally inthe intestine |
| pancreatic amylase | An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that digests starch |
| pancreatic juice | the enzyme-containing secretion of the pancreas, conducted through its ducts to the duodenum. |
| pepsin | Any of various digestive enzymes found in gastric juice that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins to peptides. |
| pepsinogen | he inactive precursor to pepsin, formed in the chief cells of the mucous membrane of the stomach and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid during digestion |
| peptidase | An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptides into amino acids. |
| peristalsis | The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation |
| pH | the symbol relating the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration or activity of a solution to that of a given standard solution. |
| pharynx | the throat; the musculomembranous cavity behind the nasal cavities, mouth, and larynx, communicating with them and with the esophagus. |
| physical digestion | Part of the digestive process which breaks down the food you eat into the small, soluble molecules you need, increases SA |
| protease | any enzyme that catalyses the splitting of interior peptide bonds in a protein. |
| pyloric sphincter | which is closed while the first stages of digestion occur in the stomach |
| rectum | The terminal part of the large intestine which opens to the anus. |
| salivary amylase | aid in the breakdown of starches |
| salivary gland | include the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands that assist in producing enzymes that breakdown starches |
| salivary juice | Saliva is a watery substance located in the mouths of organisms, secreted by the salivary glands |
| small intestine | is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. |
| stomach | The most dilated portion of the digestive tube, situated between the esophagus and the beginning of the small intestine. produces gastric juice (acidic) which serves to breakdown proteins |
| swallow | To take into the stomach; to receive through the gullet, or esophagus, into the stomach |
| tyrpsin | serine protease from the pancreas of vertebrates. Cleaves peptide bonds involving the amino groups of lysine or arginine. |
| villus | One of the minute papillary processes on certain vascular membranes; a villosity; as, villi cover the lining of the small intestines of many animals and serve to increase the absorbing surface. |
Created by:
sjackson2
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