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7th Grade Chapter 8
Plants
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organism | a living thing |
| pigment | colored chemical compound that absorbs light |
| autotroph | organism that makes its own food |
| angiosperm | a flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in protective fruit |
| annual | a flowering plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season |
| chorophyll | green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae and some bacteria |
| photosynthesis | the process y which plants and other autotrophs capture and use light energy to make food from carbon dioxide |
| tissues | groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism |
| chloroplasts | an organelle in the cells of plans and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food |
| vacuole | a large storage sac that can expand and shrink; stores many substances including water, wastes and food |
| cuticle | waxy, waterproof layer that prevents plants from loosing water |
| vascular tissue | system of tubelike structures inside a plant through which water, minerals and food move |
| nonvascular plans | low-growing, have thin cell walls, and do not have roots fro absorbing water from the ground |
| rhizoid | a thin, rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients for the plant |
| vascular plants | plants with true vascular tissue for transporting materials |
| phloem | vascular tissue through which food moves |
| xylem | vascular tissue through which water and minerals move |
| frond | the leaf of a fern plant |
| pollen | tiny structures that contain the cells that will later become sperm cells |
| seed | structure of a plant that contains a young plant inside a protective covering |
| gymnosperm | a seed plant that produces naked seeds that are not enclosed by a protective fruit |
| angiosperms | flowering plants - they produce flowers and produce seeds that are enclosed in fruit |
| cotyledon | seed leaf provides food for the embryo |
| monocots | angiosperms that have only one seed , for example grasses, corn wheat and rice, lilies and tulips |
| dicots | angiosperms that produce seeds with two seed leaves, ex. roses and violets, dandelions |
| root cap | protects the root from injury as the root grows through the soil |
| cambium | a layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells |
| stomata | small openings or pores in the surface layers of the leaf that open and close to control when gases enter or leave the leaf |
| transpiration | process by which water evaporates from a plant's leaves |
| embryo | the young organism that develops from a zygot |
| germination | the sprouting of the embryo out of a seed; occurs when the embryo resumes its growth following dormancy |
| flower | reproductive structure of an angiosperm |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures |
| sepals | leaflike structures that surround the bud and protect the developing flower |
| petals | colorful, leaflike structure of flowers |
| stamen | male reproductive parts |
| pistils | the female reproductive part of a flower |
| ovary | a flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop |
| sporophyte | the state in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces spores |
| gametophyte | the state in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells |
| biennials | angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years, for example celery, parsely and foxglove |
| perennials | flowering plants that live for more than two years |
| fertilization | sperm cell unites with an egg cell |
| zygote | a fertilized egg, produced by the joing of a sperm and an egg |
| cones | reproductive structures in gymnosperms |
| ovule | a plant structure in seed plants that produces the female gametophyte; contains an egg cell |
| fruit | the ripened ovary and other structures of an angiosperm that enclose one or more seeds |
| tropism | a plant's growth response toward or away from a stimulus |
| hormone | a chemical that affects growth and development |
| auxin | a plant hormone that speeds up the rate at which a plant's cells grow and controls a plant's reponse to light |
| photoperiodism | plant's response to seasonal changes in the length of night and day |
| critical night length | the number of hours of darkness that determines whether or not a plant will flower |
| dormancy | period when an organism's growth or activity stops |
| peat | compressed layers of dead sphagnum mosses that accumulate in bogs |
Created by:
dselling
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