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APESCH9+10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| agroecology | |
| anemia | low levels of hemoglobin due to iron deficiency or lack of red blood cells |
| aquaculture | growing aquatic species in net pens or tanks |
| biocide | a broad-spectrum poison that kills a wide range of organisms |
| biological controls | use of natural predators, pathogens, or competitors to regulate pest populations |
| biological pests | organisms that reduce the availability, quality, or value of resources useful to humans |
| carbamates | urethanes such as carbaryl, aldicarb, etc. that are used as pesticides |
| chlorinated hydrocarbons (organochlorine) | hydrocarbon molecules to which chlorine atoms are attached |
| chronically undernourished | those ppl whose diet doesn't provide the 2200 kcal per day, on average, considered necessary for a healthy productive life |
| community supported agriculture | a program in which you make an annual contribution to a local farm in return for weekly dliveries of a "share" of whatever the farm produces |
| concentrated animal feeding operations | |
| contour plowing | plowing along hill contours; reduces erosion |
| cover crops | plants, such as rye, alfalfa, or clover, that can be planted immediately after harvest to hold and protect the soil |
| desertification | conversion of productive lands to desert |
| economic threshold | in pest management, the point at which the cost of pest damageexceeds the costs of pest control |
| famine | acute food shortages characterized by large-scale loss of life, social disruption, and economic chaos |
| food secutiry | the ability of individuals to obtain sufficient food on a day-to-day basis |
| fumigants | toxic gases such as methyl bromine that are used to kill pests |
| fungicide | a chemical that kills fungi |
| genetic engineering | laboratory manipulation of genetic material using molecular biology techniques to create desired characteristics in organisms |
| GMO | organisms whose genetic code has been altered by artificial means such as interspecies gene transfer |
| Green revolution | dramatically increased agricultural production borught about by "miracle" strains of grain; usually requires high inputs of water, plant nutrients, and pesticides |
| Gully erosion | removal of layers of soil, creating channels or ravines too large to be removed by normal tillage operations |
| herbicide | a chemical that kills plants |
| humus | sticky, brown, insoluble residue from the bodies of dead plants and animals; gives soil its structure, coating mineral particles and holding them together; serves as a major source of plant nutrients |
| inorganic pesticide | inorganic chemicals such as metals, acids, or bases used as pesticides |
| insecticide | a chemical that kills insects |
| integrated pest management | an ecologically based pest-control strategy that relies on natural mortality factors, such as natural enemies, weather, cultural control methods, and carefully applied doses of pesticides |
| kwashiorkor | a widespread human protein deficiency disease resulting form a starchy diet low in protein and essential amino acids |
| locavore | someone who eats locally grown, sesonal food |
| malnourishment | a nutritional imbalance caused by lack of specific dietary components of inability to absorb or utilize essential nutrients |
| marasmus | a widespread human protein deficiency disease caused by a diet low in calories and protein or imbalanced in essential amino acids |
| micorrhizal symbiosis | an association between the roots of most plant species and certainfungi. The plant provides organic compounds to the fungus, while the fungus provides water and nutrients to the plant |
| microbial agents | or biological controls, are beneficial microbes (bacteria, fungi) that can be used to suppress or control pests |
| mulch | protective ground cover, including both natural products and synthetic materials that protect the soil, save water, and prevent weed growth |
| natural organic pesticides | "botanicals" or organic compounds naturally occuring in plants, animals or microbest aht serve as pesticides |
| obese | genearlly considered to be a body mass grater than 30 kg/m^2, or roughly 30 pound avove normal for an average person |
| organophosphates | organic molecules to which phosphate groups are attached |
| perennial species | plants that grow for more than two years |
| persistent organic pollutants | chemical compounds that persist in the environment and retain biological activity for long times |
| pesticide | any chemical that kills, controls, drives away, or modifies the behavior of a pest |
| pesticide treadmill | a need for constantly increasing doses or new pesticides to prevent pest resurgence |
| pest resurgence | rebound of pest populations due to acquired resistance to chemicals and nonspcific destruction of antural predators and competitors by broadscale pesticides |
| reduced tillage systems | systems, such as minimum till, conserve-till, and no-till, that preserve soil, save energy and water, and increase crop yields |
| regolith | |
| rill erosion | the removing of thin layers of soil as little rivulets of running water gather and cut small channels in the soil |
| salinization | a process in which mineral salts accumulate in the soil, killing plants; occurs when soils in dry climates are irrigated profusely |
| sheet erosion | peeling off thin layers of soil from the land surface; accomplished primarily by wind and water |
| soil | a complex mixture of weathered mineral materials from rocks, partially decomposed organic molecules, and a host of living organisms |
| soil horizons | horizontal layers that reveal a soil's history, characteristics, and usefulness |
| soil profile | all the vertical layers of horizons that make up a soil in a particular place |
| strip farming | planting different kinds of crops in alternating strips along land countours; when one crop is harvested, the other crop remains to protect the soil and prevent water form running straight down a hill |
| subsoil | a layer of soil beneath the topsoil that has lower organic content and higher concentrations of fine mineral particles; often contains soluble compounds and clay particles carried dwon by percolating water |
| sustainable agriculture | an ecologically sound, economically viable, socially just, and humane agricultural system. Stewardship, soil conservation, and integrated pest management are essential for sustainability |
| terracing | shaping the land to create level shelves of earth to hold water and soil; requires extensive hand labor or expensive machinery, but it enables farmers to farm very steep hillsides |
| topsoil | |
| waterlogging | water saturation of soil that fills all air spaces and causes plant roots to die from lack of oxygen; a result of overirrigation |
Created by:
AlanaR
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