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BI 2020 Exam1

Microbiology: P4 Microbial Genetics

QuestionAnswer
What are two things that can affect phenotypes? Genotypes or Environmental Change
The existence of two distinct forms of a single species that differ in one more characteristic (such as growth, shape, size, or coloration) Dimorphism
What is an example of a Dimorphic organism? Fungi *unicellular or multicellular under different conditions
How frequently do mutations occur? 1/10K or 1/1trillion
Why is the rate of mutation so low? Cellular repair mechanisms
What do base substitutions (point), removal or addition of nucleotides (frameshift), or transposable elements cause? Spontaneous Mutations
What is a nonsense mutation? A change that codes for a stop codon and truncates the protein
What are Inversion, Transposons, and Reversions ? Types of Spontaneous Mutations
What are the 3 main mechanisms of horizontal/lateral gene transfer (1)Transformation (2)Transduction (3)Conjugation
What is the difference beetween vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer? Vertical Gene Transfer: Parent to child Horizontal Gene Transfer: neighbor to neighbor
Which HGT/LGT mechanism involved "naked DNA"? Transformation
Which HGT/LGT mechanism involves virus to infect bacterial cells? Transduction
Which HGT/LGT mechanism involves direct DNA transfer? Conjugation
T or F: Transduction has two "options" True: gene can stay separate from host chromosome or the gene gets integrated into the host chromosome
what is the condition that allaows bacterial cells to take up and integrate large fragments of DNA? Competence
when in the growth cycle does competence occur? Late log, early stationary
when bacteria are not naturally competant, what is the term for inducing the bacteria to integrate DNA fragments? Artificial Competence
what is a bacterial cell classified as "F+" contains an F-pillus
What is a bacterial cell classified as "F-" no F-pillus appendage
Created by: savelae
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