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BI 2020 Exam1

Microbiology: P3 Microbial Growth and the end of P2

QuestionAnswer
Are protozoa multicellular or unicellular? Give an example Unicellular i.e.Ameoba
Are Fungi multicellular or unicellular? Give an example Mostly Multicellular but some Unicellular (Mushrooms, rusts, etc. But Yeast can be both)
Are algae multicellular or unicellular? Give an example Either.
What (3) components make up a Cytoskeleton? Microtubules, Actin Filaments, and Intermediate fibers
What role do microtubules play in the cytoskeleton? Long hollow cylinders---microtubules in MITOSIS
What role do actin filaments play in the cytoskeleton? motion/transport
What role do intermediate fibers play in the cytoskeleton? strength
How are EuK flagella different than ProK? Flexible, 9+2 arrangement, not anchored (basal body)
What is shorter than a flagella, often covers the cell, can move the cell, wavelike movement can be 10x faster than flagelleted EuK? Cilia
What is unique about EuK organelles compared to ProK? EuK has membrane-bound organelles
What is special about microbial growth? it is an increase in the number of organisms rather than in their size
What are some conditions that are needed to control to have optimal growing condtition? Temperature, pH, atmosphere, nutrients
How to the graphs of optimal conditions look? bell-shaped
What is meant by generation time? The time it takes for the population to double. aka: doubling time
how is the rate of binary fission described? Exponential growth
what is the equation that can be used to calculate bacterial growth? Nt = N0 x 2^n where: Nt = number of cells in population; N0 = original number of cells; n = number of divisions
What are the 5 distinct stages of the bacterial growth curve? (1)lag stage (2)log/exponential stage (3)stationary (4)death (5)prolonged decline
Explain growth and death in the lag stage no growth (preparing)
Explain growth and death in the log/exponential stage HIGH GROWTH > little death
Explain growth and death in the stationary stage Growth = Death
Explain growth and death in the death stage little Growth < HIGH DEATH
Explain growth and death in the prolonged decline stage little growth < gradual decrease in death
What are the main environmental factors on growth? Temperature // water // osmotic pressure // salinity // hydrostatic pressure // oxygen
What is a Mesophile? Bacteria that thrive between 25 and 45 degrees celsius (body temp)
What is a Psychotroph? Bacteria that thrive between 20 and 30 degrees celsius (i.e. food spoilage)
ProK on O2 Requirements: What are Obligate Aerobes? Absolute need O2
ProK on O2 Requirements: What are Facultative anaerobes? Grow better with O2
ProK on O2 Requirements: What are Obligate anaerobes? O2 = death. Grow w/o O2
ProK on O2 Requirements: What are ? Require low [] of O2
ProK on O2 Requirements: What are Aerotolerant anaerobes? Indifferent to O2
What can result from expose to UV radiation? Thymine Dimers
How do bacteria become resistant to drugs? (5 ways) (1)Alter binding site (2)alter membrane permeability (3)produce enzyme to destroy or inactivate the agent (4)new gene via conjugation (5)devlop series of proteins to pump it out
How are bacteria good at creating resistant population? 1. Multiply very quickly 2.Haploid/clones/mutations are expressed
Why might it be important to prevent and control infectious disease in humans? (1)destory or inhibit disease-causing microbes (2)block sources of transmission of disease agents (3)protect infected person from the consequences of disease
Created by: savelae
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