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BI 2020 Exam1

Microbiology: P1 Introduction to Microbiology

QuestionAnswer
Who was the Dutch drapery merchant who used crudely cut lenses to view fabric? Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
What did Leeuwenhoek call the organisms he found in lake water? animacules
What is the theory of Spontaneous Generation Organisms can arise from non-living matter
Which three scientists were detractors of the Theory of Spontaneous Generation? Francesco Redi; Louis Pasteur; John Tyndall
What was the experiment Francesco Redi performed? Demonstrated worms found on rotting meat came from eggs of flies landing on meat- rotten meat in jars
Who is considered the father of microbiology? Louis Pasteur
What was the piece of equipment that Louis Pasteur developed? Swan-necked flask - able to demonstrate infusions remained sterile even if flask was left open
What was John Tyndall's contribution? Expanded upon Pasteur's test: found different infusions required different boiling times
What is the name of a heat-resistant life form Endospore
What is the resolving power of a light microscope? What organisms can you view? 0.2 um; 1um to 100um; red blood cells, WBC, rod shaped bacteria, ameoba
What is the resolving power of an electron microscope? What organisms are commonly viewed? 0.2nm; most bacteria, viruses, large protein, diameter of DNA!
What is the resolution of an atomic force microscope? What can you view? Angstroms; amino acids, atoms
Compare the size of EuK and ProK organisms EuK = 10*ProK
Compare the genetic material in EuK and ProK organisms EuK: membrane bound nucleus; linear ds DNA // ProK: nucleoid region; circular ds DNA
Compare how EuK and ProK organisms replicate EuK: mitosis and meiosis // ProK: binary fission
Compare the sizes of Ribosomes in EuK and ProK organisms EuK: 40S +60S = 80S //ProK: 30S + 50S = 70S
How are viruses classified? Obligate Parasite
Describe the genetic material in a virus linear or circular DNA; ds or ss
What are the 3 main types of microorganisms? Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses
Bacteria (ProK, EuK, virus)? ProK
Archaea (ProK, EuK, virus)? ProK
Fungi (ProK, EuK, virus)? EuK
Algae (ProK, EuK, virus)? EuK
Protozoa (ProK, EuK, virus)? EuK
Parasitic Worms (ProK, EuK, virus)? EuK
Largest group of dependent particles; infect all cellular life; unable to grow or reproduce outside a host; neither a prokaryote or eukaryote Virus
T or F: Microorganisms have killed more people than have ever been killed in war True!
What is the benefit of CO2 fixation? Results in oxygen production/autotrophs make their own food
What is the benefit of N2 fixation? bacteria convert N2 into ammonium, nitrate, and nitrogen oxide to be used by plants and animals
What is the breakdown of complex organic material to forms of carbon that can be used by other organisms? Biodegredation/Decomposistion
How is decomposition/biodegredation used in food and alcohol production? (examples) dairy: milk and cheese // coffee and cocoa // xanthan gum and vinegar // yeast-bread // beer and wine // sauerkraut // dill pickles // olives // soy sauce // meats-fish-salami-cured hams-sushi
What is a microorganism that cause disease called? Pathogen
What is a microorganism that does not cause disease in a healthy host? Non Pathogen or opportunistic pathogen
When was the golden age of Microbiology? 1854-1914
T or F: bacteria outnumber cells in the body 10:1 True
why did the death rate for infectious disease drop in the late 1960s? Routine vaccinations
What is the degredation of environmental pollutants by living organsims? Bioremediaton
Introduce genes of one organisms into an unrelated organism to confer new properties on the organism Genetic engineering
what is an area of science that applies microbial genetics to biological processes for the production of useful substances Biotechnology
What are some jobs available in Microbiology? medical // veterinary // agricultural // genetic engineering // antibiotic production // food and beverage industry // space research // ecology // biodegredation // water treatment // sewage disposal
Created by: savelae
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