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Biology Chapter 12

Test for Chapter 12 - genetics

QuestionAnswer
Single-allele Traits controlled by a single allele of a gene
Multiple-allele Traits controlled by three or more alleles of the same gene that code for a single trait
Polygenic Traits a trait that is controlled by two or more genes
X-linked traits genes only found on the X chromosome
Sex-influenced traits the presence of male or female sex hormones that influence the number of certain human traits
Nondisjunction Disorders nondisjunction during meiosis can cause gametes to lack a chromosome or to have an extra chromosome
What gender determines the sex of an organism? Male
What kind of chromosomes does each gender have? Females have XX, males have XY
What is the difference between a dominant and recessive trait? Dominant only needs one parent to show up, recessive needs two.
What is a linked trait? Two or more genes that are found on the same trait. Because they are on the same chromosome, they tend to be inherited together.
Sickle cell gene VS disease Sickle cell trait - one healthy, one defective Sickle cell disease - two defective
Genotype carrying the trait for something in the genes, something you can see
Phenotype ~
Deletion loss of a piece of chromosome due to breakage
Inversion A chromosome piece breaks off, flips around backwards and reattaches
Translocation a piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome
Nondisjunction a chromosome fails to separate from its homologue during meiosis
Number of chromosomes in trisomy and monosomy? 3 and 1
Created by: breedallies
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