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Biology Midterm
Chapter 2,7, 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a marcomolecules? | its organic carbon compounds in living cells that are large |
| monomer | one subunit |
| polymer | many subunits |
| 4 types of marcomolecules | lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid |
| atom of lipids | carbon & hydrogen |
| atom of carbohydrates | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| atom of proteins | carbobn, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| nucleic acid | carbon, hydrogen, nitrgen, oxygen, phosphorus |
| function of carbohydrates | main source of energy and make up structure of plants |
| function of lipids | used to store energy and are waterproof covering |
| function of proteins | control the rate of the reactions, regulate cell processes, form celluler structures, transport substances in or out of cells, fight disease |
| function of nucleic acid | store and transfer (DNA) |
| the difference between a reactant and a product | reactant is elements or compunds that cam in a chemical reactant and product is elements or compounds |
| activtion energy | energy needed to start a reactant |
| enzyme | speed up the rate of chemical reaction |
| what do enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reaction | when one of the substances or structure break |
| what environmental factors limit enzyme activity | tempeture, ph, and regulotory molecules |
| atoms the make up water | oxygen and 2 hydrogen |
| 5 properties of water | polarity, hydrogen bonding, cohesion, adhesion, heat capacity |
| polarity | uneven distribution, has slightly negative oxygen and positive hydrogen |
| hydrogen bonding | attraction between a hydrogen with a positive and negative charge |
| cohesion | molecules with the same substances |
| adhesion | molecules with different substances |
| heat capacity | amount of heat energy needed to increase its tempeture |
| what does it mean to say that water is polar | that it is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds |
| are there any slight charges on the water molecules | positive hydrogen and negative oxygen |
| cell | basic unit of life |
| 3 parts of the Cell Theory | all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living thing, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic | eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic doesnt |
| passive transport | movement of materials across the cell membrane without energy |
| diffusion | particules move from an area of high concentration to a low concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selective permeable membrane |
| isotonic solution | concentration of sulutes on outside, inside of cell is same |
| hypersolution | high concentration of solutes |
| active transport | movement of materials against a concentration gradient, needs energy |
| chromosomes | DNA bundled up |
| the purpose of cell cycle | cell grows, prepares for divison, and divides to form 2 daughter cells |
| 4 phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle | G1 , S , G2, M |
| G1 | cell growth |
| S | DNA replication |
| G2 | preparing for cell division |
| M | cell division |
| what does the m phase divide | mitosis divides the cytoplasm cytokinesis divides the nucleus |
| cyclins | proteins that regulate the cell cycle |
| cancer | disorder which the body loses to control growth |
| tumor | cancer cells form a mass of cells |
| 4 things that causes cancer | smoking or chewing tabacco radiation exposure other defective genes viral infection |
| mutation | change in the genetic material of the cell |
Created by:
rubyromero
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