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Biology Sem. 1 Exam

QuestionAnswer
What is the Independent variable? What is the Dependent variable? Ind.-The variable that's changed/tested Dep.-(respond)affected variable
What is the control group? The group you control for comparison and that is left alone
List the steps of the scientific method. 1.Observation 2.Research 3.Hypothesis 4.Experiment 5. Analyze 6.Conclusion
Which is NOT a safety procedure: read all the steps before doing the activity;when in doubt go with your instincts;follow your teacher's instructions;follow the textbook directions exactly When in doubt go with your instincts
What is a hypothesis? Educated Guess
What is a theory? When your hypothesis is proven right
Which unit is used to measure mass of an object: Grams, Liters, Maters or Degrees? Grams
Draw a Beaker (Need to know what it looks like)
Draw a Graduated Cylinder (Need to know what it looks like)
What is the control of an experiment? The group you control for comparison
What do you measure with a graduated cylinder? Volume
What is diffusion? The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Enzymes are classified as which compounds:Carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids, or proteins? Proteins
If you place an animal cell in a fluid that contains less salt than the cell, will the cell wall rupture,cytoplasm expand,osmosis will carry fluid out of cell, or no change? Osmosis will carry fluid out of the cell
What is osmosis? Water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is facilitated diffusion? Molecules that cannot readily diffuse
Which cell process moves substances against a concentration gradient by using energy? Active transport
What is selectively permeable membrane? Membrane that only selects what goes in and out
What is active transport? Movement of chemical substances through cell membrane with energy use
What is passive transport? Movement of substances through a cell membrane without energy use
What is homeostasis? The steady-state of the body
List at least 3 characteristics of the cell membrane. 1. Semi-Permeable 2.Allows it to excrete waste 3.Interact with the environment
What is a hypotonic solution? When water diffuses(Solute molecules are higher that the concentration inside the cell)
What is a hypertonic solution? Solute concentration is higher that the solute concentration inside the cell
What is needed for Photosynthesis? Sunlight , Water , CO2(Carbon dioxide)
What are the reactants to cellular respiration? CO2(carbon dioxide) and Water
Photosynthesis(is to):Chloroplast as Cellular Respiration(is to):_____________ Thylakoid
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Anaerobic doesn't use/need oxygen. Aerobic does use/need oxygen.
(True or False)Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are Opposite of each other. True
What is chlorophyll? A green pigments that is present in most plants, that gives plants their characteristics green color and that reacts with sunlight. CO2 and water to form carbohydrates.
What is cellular respiration? Process by which cells obtain energy from carbohydrates.
Write the formula for photosynthesis. 6CO2 and 6H2O + sunlight > C6H12O6 + 6O2
Write the formula for cellular respiration. C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
What is a compound light microscope Instrument that uses optical lenses to magnify objects by pending light rays
What is an electron microscope? Electron is a more precise
What is a plant cell? Has a cell wall unlike humans and plastids
What is a prokaryotic cell? What is a eukaryotic cell? Pro - no nucleus and lack organelles euk-nucleus and organelles
What is a nucleus? Membrane bound organelle that contains cells DNA - involved with growth metabolism and reprduction.
What are chloroplasts? Photosynthesis occurs here and in plant cell.
What are vacuoles? vacuoles are used to store items needed for the cell
What is a lysosome? Cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and that buds from Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell? Nucleus
What are cilia? Hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell(assist in movement) *Short but large in numbers -membrane
What are flagella? Hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell (Assist in movement) *Long but small in numbers-membrane
What are organelles? Perform specific functions for the cell-have membrane-organelle-carry out cellular processes
What is mitosis? (eukaryotic) Process of cell division that forms 2 new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
What is meiosis? In cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, by which result in production of sex cells
What is the 2N number for humans? 46
What are the sex cells? Gametes
Meiosis only occurs in what type of cell? Eukaryotic
What process produces 2 diploid cells? Mitosis
What process produce 4 haploid cells? meiosis
2N= Diploid
N= Haploid
Gametes are produced by which process? Meiosis
List the phases of mitosis in order. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
What is the cell cycle? Repeating set of events in life of a cell. Interphase(G1,S,G2) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Why does mitosis occur? Division of nucleus and a continuous process that allows for the organized distribution of a cell's copied DNA and offspring cell
What is the genotype? genetic makeup
What is the phenotype? Organism's appearance
What is heterozygous? 2 alleles in pair are dif.
What is genetics? Field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted (study of heredity) from parents to offspring.
The X and the Y chromosomes are called what? Sex chromosomes/gametes.
Created by: mimi5063
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