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1st Semester:Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are rocks made of? | One or more minerals |
| List the processes involved in forming sedimentary rocks. | Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and compression |
| What conditions must exist for metamorphic rocks to form? | Heat and pressure |
| Explain the differences between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. | Intrusive igneous rocks form from magma below the surface while extrusive igneous rocks forms above the Earth's surface. |
| What is relative age? | The age of a rock or formation given relative to other rocks or formation. |
| State the law of superposition. | a sedimentary rock layer is older than the layers above it and younger the layers below it. |
| How do fossils show evidence of Earth's past? | determine the order in which events have happened during Earth’s history. rocks and fossils help paleontologists in their investigation to determine whether an object or event is older or younger than other objects or events is called relative dating. |
| What are the 5 characteristics of minerals? | Naturally occuring, solid, inorganic, chemical composition, crystallic structure |
| Describe how minerals are used as resources in society. | construction, household items, medicine |
| What is a responding variable? | The results, the part of the experiment that scientists cannot control. |
| Trace a diagram of the rock cycle. | Metamorphic- heat and pressure Sedimentary- weathering and erosion Igneous- heat to magma and cool it |
| Compare renewable and nonrenewable resources and give examples of each. | Renewable resources can be used over and over again and example would be paper, while nonrenewable resources can't be reused,and a example would be coal and oil. |
| What are the three fossil fuels? Explain the disadvantages of relying on them as energy resources. | oil, natural gas and coal. pollution |
| How can nonrenewable energy resources be conserved? | riding bike, walk, take a bus, recycling |
| What are some ways to prevent soil erosion? | Farming practices such as terracing, no-till farming, crop rotation, countour plowing, and cover crops. |
| What major source of energy is required for both wind power and hydroelectric power to work? | solar energy |
| What are some alternative (other) energy resources we can use to help preserve our fossil fuels? | Wind and hydro electric power |
| What does soil consist of? | A mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and water. |
| Which type of heat transfer takes place in the mantle? | Convection |
| Name the layers of Earth's interior. Compare/Contrast: inner-outer core lithosphere-asthenosphere oceanic-continental crust | Inner core-solid and very hot, outer core-molten, mantle-thicker, osthenosphere, lithosphere, and crust |
| What can cause an earthquake? | When rocks underground suddenly breaks along a fault. |
| Explain the process of sea-floor spreading? | the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies where two tectonic plates pull away from each other. It occurs at mid-ocean ridges |
| What is subduction? | the process that takes place at convergent boundaries by which one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate and sinks into the mantle as the plates converge/The process where old oceanic floor melts back into the mantle |
| Name the layers of soil. Explain the development of soil. | Horizon A (topsoil), Horizon B (subsoil) Horizon C, Bedrock soil forms from rock and the formation of soil horizon are humus-rich soil on top, sediment below that, and bedrock on the bottom. |
| Name the three types of heat transfers and give and example of each. | conduction-hand and coffee pot convection-Steam to air radiation- sunlight |
| What was the Dust Bowl? | a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the US and Canadian prairies during the 1930s |
| Contrast chemical and mechanical weathering. | the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces by chemical reaction such as water, weak acid, and air; the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces by physical means such as ice, wind, water, gravity, animals. |
| List the agents chemical weathering. | water, weak acid and air |
| Give an example of deposition. | alluvial fans, deltas, till, moraine |
| What is the difference between weathering and erosion? What are the 5 agents of erosion? | Rocks are broken down into small pieces by weathering, and these small pieces are moved down to another location by erosion |
| What is Pangaea? Explain the theory of continental drift. | the separate continents of today were once joined in a single landmass .The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations. |
| Complete the conversion: 40 grams=_____ miligrams | 40,000 |
| Where do convection currents occur? | inside the mantle |
| What is an ore? | a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted. |
| Explain the process of ice wedging. | It is mechanical weathering in which water seeps into rock cracks and then freezes and expands. |
| Cite the evidence for the continental drift theory. | climate, fossils, and landforms |
| What are the 3 stress forces created from plate movement? Compare them to the 3 plate boundaries. | tension-divergent; compression-convergent-convergent; shearing-transform |
| Name the three main types of faults | normal fault, reverse fault, strike-slip fault |
| Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes occur? | The Ring of Fire at plate boundaries |
| Name the 3 types of plate boundaries. | convergent, divergent, and transform |
| Compare an anticline and syncline | anticline- upward bend in the crust syncline- downward bend in the crust |
| What are the sections of rock called below or above a fault called? | foot wall-below the fault; hanging wall-above the fault |
| What is independent variable? | The variable that the scientist changes on purpose. |
| The independent variable also known as__________ | manipulated variable |
| ____________is the result(what happens in the experiment that the scientist can not control) | responding variable |
| The responding variable also known as_________ | dependent variable |
| What is Topsoil? | a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals |
| What is sub soil? | usually consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but contains little humus |
| What is C horizon? | Contains only partly weathered rock This is where you will see bigger rocks and less soil |
| What is bed rock? | is the solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
| what determines the rate of weathering? | Climate, make up of the rock, and elivation |
| What are the 5 agents of erosion? | water, wind, ice, gravity and |
| What is erosion? | The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil. |
| What is Alluvial Fans? | Sediments settle at the bottom of a mountain. |
| What is Deltas? | Sediments settle at the end of river OR a body of water. |
| What is deposition? | When the sediments moved to another location by erosion comes together and rest |
Created by:
mystudystuck
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