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Ch 17.3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organelle | ny of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell |
| nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. |
| nucleolus | a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
| chromatin | the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA. |
| ribosomes | a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | An endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a eukaryotic organelle made up of a system of membranous tubes and sacs, that is studded with ribosomes on its surface giving it a rough appearance under the microscope |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | (A part of) endoplasmic reticulum that is tubular in form and lacks ribosomes. Its functions include lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium concentration, drug detoxification, and attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins. |
| mitochondria | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae). |
| ATP | An organic compound composed of adenosine (an adenine ring and a ribose sugar) and three phosphate groups |
| cristae | each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane. |
| golgi complex | a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells |
| vacuole | a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
| lysosome | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| chloroplast | in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place |
| thylakoids | each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana |
| grana | the stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast |
| stroma | cushionlike mass of fungal tissue, having spore-bearing structures either embedded in it or on its surface. |
| cilia | a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion. |
| flagella | slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, |
| photosynthesis | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring. |
| centrioles | a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division. |
| cytoskeleton | a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence |
| cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
Created by:
Austenkelsall
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