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BIOLOGY
NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TEST REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Codons code for what? | amino acid |
| Replicated chromosomes are attached by a centromere and are now called | sister chromatids |
| The code for an amino acid sequence is carried by what 3 types of nucleic acid? | DNA, mRNA, and chromosomes |
| What carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome? | mRNA |
| What are the 3 parts of a nucleic acid monomers known as nucleotides? | sugar, phosphate, & nitrogen base |
| Name the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA. | adenine, guanine, cytosine, & thymine |
| What are the bonding rules for DNA replication? | adenine bonds with thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine |
| Name the nitrogen base found in RNA that is not found in DNA. | uracil |
| The process of putting amino acids together in a specific sequence is called | protein synthesis |
| What 2 scientists are given credit for the discovery of the structure of DNA? | Watson & Crick |
| What did Fredrick Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria into mice? | they contracted pneumonia and died |
| The shape of the DNA molecules is said to be a | double helix |
| If the percentage of thymine in a particular DNA sample is 21%, what is percentage of other nitrogen bases in this sample? | adenine = 21%, guanine = 29%, cytosine 29% |
| The process of DNA making an exact copy of itself is called | replication |
| Newly copied DNA strands result in 2 strands | each with one new strand and one orginal strand |
| The sugar in RNA is | ribose |
| The sugar in DNA is | deoxyribose |
| How many different forms of RNA are involved in protein synthesis? | 3 |
| What are the different forms of RNA involved in protein synthesis? | mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA |
| What does transcription produce? | mRNA |
| Where does transcription take place in the eukaryotic cell? | the nucleus |
| How many codons are needed to specify 5 amino acids? | 5 |
| Having 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids allows for what kind of variety in protein production? | more than 1 codon for most amino acids |
| For each codon there is an ____________ to keep the amino acid in the proper sequence in the growing polypeptide chain. | anticodon |
| Chromosomes contain segments that carry instructions for proteins. What are these segements called? | genes |
| Which type of RNA carries the blueprint for the genetic code? | mRNA |
| The genetic code of DNA is determined by the order of what? | nitrogen bases |
| The order of the nitrogen bases in DNA carry instructions for the sequence of what? | amino acids |
| What causes translation to stop? | a stop codon |
| The process of reading the codon code at the ribosome is called what? | translation |
| The anticodon is found on which type of RNA molecule? | tRNA |
| If a particular polypeptide consists of 15 amino acids, how many nitrogen bases would code for it? | 45 |
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biobob
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