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Botany Fin
Botany Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pollination | Polen cell is transfered to the female plant part and the eggs are fertilized |
| Guard Cells | Cels on the underside of the leaf that open and close the stomata, or leaf pores |
| Complete Flower | Flower that has both male and female parts; sexually complete |
| Epidermis | Skin of the leaf |
| Pistil | Female reproductive part of a flower, contains the female sex cells in the ovary |
| Midrib | Large center vein from which all other leaf veins extend |
| Phloem | Tubes in plant stems that conduct food from leaves through the stem to the roots |
| Oxidation | Combining something with oxygen |
| Chlorophyll | Green substance that gives many plants their green color and is necessary for photosynthesis |
| Petals | Type of leaf on flower, usually considered the most striking part of the flower, act to attract insects for pollination |
| Veins | Structural frame of leaf |
| Style | Tube in the pistil that leads from the stigma to the ovary and through which pollen reaches the egg |
| Stigma | Part of the pistil that catches pollen on its sticky surface |
| Anther | Sack-like structure at the top of the stamen that contains pollen (the male sex cell) |
| Stamens | Male reproduction part of the flower containing the male sex cells or pollen |
| Dicots | A plant having two cotyledons or seed leaves |
| Tap roots | Longer center root with fewer root hairs |
| Margins | Edges of plant leaves |
| Roots | Anchor plant, absorb water and minerals, store large quantities of plant food,propagate or reproduce some plants |
| Nodes | Joint of a stem; the swollen place where leaves and buds are generally attached |
| Internodes | ?????????????? Spaces between two nodes |
| Vascular bundles | A strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant, typically with phloem on the outside and xylem on the inside. |
| Cotyledon | The first leaves to appear on a plant: seed leaves |
| Transpiration | Loss of water through the leaves or stems of plants |
| Respiration | Breathing process in which plants and animals consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide |
| Terminal bud | A bud at the end of a stem marking the end of the years growth |
| Photosynthesis | Manufacturing of food by green plants in which carbon dioxide and water are combined in the presence of light and chlorophyll to form sugar and oxygen |
| Incomplete flower | Does not have both male and female parts |
| Xylem | Tissue that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the stem and leaves |
| 5 parts of the external leaf structure | Blade, petiole, veins, node, axillary bud |
| 3 forms that food is stored in | Sugar, starch, protein |
| Two main functions of the stem | support leaves / branches, contains passages for food and water movement |
| 2 most important things humans receive from plants | Food and oxygen |
| 3 main things that xylem, or wood, does for the stem of a plant | Supports leaf and reproductive structures, used for food storage,and the movement of materials such as water and minerals to leaves and manufactured food from leaves to roots |
| Chloroplasts function | Make the food |
| What three things do green plants need to manufacture food? | Carbon Dioxide, water, and sunlight |
| What does a fertilized egg from an ovary grow into? | ?????? Seedling - embryo |
| Seedling | Young plants that have been germinated several days |
| Egg | Ovules - if fertilized, become seeds |
| Tissue culture | Micropropagation- method for rapidly reproducing plants using terminal bud tissue |
| Flat | Wooden box with slotted bottom used to start seedlings |
| Endosperm | Food suply for the young, developing seedling that is contained in the seed |
| Seed coat | Outer covering of the seed |
| Enhanced | Quality has been improved |
| Hybrid | Offspring of two different varieties of one plant that possesses certain characteristics of each parent |
| Pollen | Male sex cell in plants |
| Cotyledons | First leaves that appear on a plant |
| Hardening off | Gradually subjecting plants to more difficult growing conditions in preparation for transplanting |
| Propagation | To increase in number, to reproduce |
| Embryo | A new plant that is developed as a result of fertilization |
| Come true to seed | Reproduce exact duplicates of the parent plant from seeds |
| Vermiculite | A light mineral with a neutral pH used to increase the moisture-holding capacity of media |
| Jiffy Mix | A 50/50 peat/vermiculite mix |
| Sphagnum | Dehydrated remains of acid bog plants, used in shredded form for starting seeds |
| Peat moss | Partially decomposed vegetation that has been preserved underwater |
| Perlite | Gray-white material of volcanic orgin used to improve aeration of the media |
| Sand | A loose granular substance, typically pale yellowish brown, resulting from the erosion of siliceous and other rocks |
| Soil | The upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles |
| List and define the three basic parts of a seed | Seed coat-protects seed, endosperm-food storage tissue that nourishes the embryo during germination, embryo-new plant develops as a result of fertilization |
| The best Temperature for germinating seeds is... | 65 to 70 |
| The hardening off process is done to do what three things | Prepares plants for the transition to the outside environment by withholding water, decreasing the air temperature, and increasing the amount of sunlight. |
| Layer | The stem or root that is rooted during the layering process |
| What modern development has greately increased the success rate of air layering | Polyethylene film |
| Girdle | To remove all the cambium and bark from a stem for a short distance to aid in rooting |
| Two main functions of landscape industry | Improve out natural environment and meet the needs and desires of people |
| List the three major professions of the landscape industry | Landscape architect, landscape contractor, landscape maintenance contactor |
| List two subjects integrated to make landscaping | Art and Science |
| List the five basic principles of landscape design | 1.Simplicity 2.Balance 3.Focalization of interest 4.Rhythm and line 5.Scale and proportion |
| Cubic Yard formula | Length X width X depth / by cubic feet = cubic yards |
| Xeriscaping | Landscaping technique used to practice water conservation |
| Acer | Maple - generic name |
| Family | Related plants with similiar flower structures |
| Pelargonium | A genus of flowering plants which includes about 200 species of perennials, succulents, and shrubs, commonly known as geraniums |
| Genera | A group of species exhibiting similar characteristics |
| Betula | Birch |
| Papaver | A genus of 70–100 species of frost-tolerant annuals, biennials, and perennials native to temperate and cold regions |
| Chrysanthemum | Mum |
| For plants, what is the most important type of useful water in the soil? | Available capillary water or field capacity |
| What is the PH scale? | A scale of 1 to 14 that indicates the level of acidic or alkaline content of soil |
| What do the numbers stand for? | A solution with a ph of 7.0 is neutral. Solutions with a lower ph value are increasingly acidic, and those with a higher ph value are increasingly alkaline |
| List soil particles by increased size | Organic matter,clay,silt,sand |
| Where is it often easiest to see nutritional deficiencies in plants? | On the leaves of the plants |
| 4 main parts of complete flower | Sepals, petals, stamens, pistil |
| Six types of layering | Air, compound, simple, stool, trench |
| Three objectives of residential landscaping | To accent landscapes, add color to landscape, direct traffic patterns in a garden |
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sudokken
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