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Environmental Test
Ch. 8 and 9 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A group of the same species living in the same area at the same time | population |
| number of individuals of the same species in that live in a given unit of area | density of a population |
| one organism benefits and one is harmed | parasitism |
| both organisms benefit | mutualism |
| one organism benefits and one is unaffected | commensalism |
| competition | |
| predation | |
| pattern of distribution of organisms in a population | population dispersion |
| number of individuals area contains | population size |
| three types of population dispersion | clumped, random, even |
| most common type of population dispersion | clumped |
| factors that are effected by number of individuals in a population in a particular area | density dependent factor |
| factors that have no relation to number of individuals but instead are related to natural disasters | density independent factors |
| example of a density dependent factor | disease |
| example of density independent factor | earthquake |
| maximum number of offspring that a given organism can produce | reproductive potential |
| three factors that influence reproductive potential | individuals produce more at a time, more often or earlier in life |
| factor that affects reproductive potential most | producing earlier in life |
| number of organisms of a population that a particular environment can support over time S-shaped | carrying capacity |
| rate at which a population would grow if it had unlimited resources J-curve | exponential growth |
| fastest rate at which a population can grow (limited by reproductive potential) | biotic potential |
| mathematical expression that expresses the GROWTH of a population | change in size= births - deaths |
| mathematical expression that expresses the DECLINE of a population | population change= (births + immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration) |
| two or more organisms living in close association of one another | symbiosis |
| the study of human population growth | demography |
| difference in population growth of developed and developing countries | developed has slower population growth and developing has rapid growth |
| happened in the 1880's that led to a population explosion | Industrial and Scientific Revolutions |
| Classification of members of a population into groups according to age or the distribution of members of a population in terms of age groups and helps demographers make predictions | age structures |
| makes up half of our adult population in the US | baby boomers |
| percent of newborn individuals in a population that can be expected to survive to a given age | survivorship |
| survivorship curve where late loss population live to an old age | type 1 |
| survivorship curve where constant loss population due at all ages | type 2 |
| survivorship curve where early loss population die at young age | type 3 |
| curves that represent populations that are stable | type 1 |
| curves that represent population that are growing slowly | type 3 |
| number of births per 1,000 women of childbearing age | fertility rate |
| average number of children each parent must have in order to "replace themselves" slightly above 2 | replacement value |
| year US fell below replacement level | 1972 |
| average number of kids a woman has during reproductive ages | total fertility rate |
| world's average fertility rate | 2.7 |
| fertility rate in developing countries | 3.0 |
| fertility rate in developed countries | 1.6 |
| average length of time an individual is expected to live | life expectancy |
| main source of fuel in poor countries | wood |
| Contributions to waterborne diseases | water supply being used as sewage disposal |
| three examples of water borne diseases | dysentery, typhoid, chlorera |
| farmland that can be sued to grow crops | arable land |
| why arable land is in danger | growing populations= agricultural housing and natural habitats |
| what has had the greatest effect of human population | death rates have gone down |
| why the US population is still increasing even though we are only at replacement level or slightly below | immigration |
| 5 symptoms of overpopulation | suburban sprawl, polluted rivers, barren land, inadequate housing,and overcrowded schools |
Created by:
aemiller
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