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cells review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mitosis | Cell Division |
| mitochondria | Rod shaped cell structures that produce most of the energy needed to carry our the cell’s functions. |
| Nucleus | The control center of a cell that directs the cell’s activities; contains the chemical instructions that direct all the cell’s activities and determine the cell’s characteristics |
| chloroplast | A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. |
| cell membrane | The outside boundary of a cell; controls which substances can enter or leave the cell |
| cytoplasm | The region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and the nucleus (eukaryotes); contains a gel-like material and cell organelles. |
| the purpose of mitosis | Mitosis ensures that each new cell receives a copy of each chromosome |
| the phases of mitosis--Prophase | chromosomes condense |
| the phases of mitosis--metaphase | chromosomes align in the middle |
| the phases of mitosis--anaphase | Chromosomes move to opposite ends |
| the phases of mitosis--telophase | chromosomes unwind & nuclear envelop reforms |
| diffusion | This is the movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Example: Air freshener |
| osmosis | The diffusion of water through cell membranes |
| Example of osmosis | Water moving out of an egg after it is put in corn syrup |
| active transport | A process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energy |
| passive transport | The movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy. |
| two types of passive transport | Diffusion and osmosis |
| endocytosis | Active transport process by which a cell surrounds a large particle such as a large particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell. |
| exocytosis | A vesicle forms around a large particles within the cell. The vesicle carries the particle to the cell membrane. The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases the particle to the outside. |
| How do cells take in nutrients for growth and development | Through active and passive transport, including osmosis, diffusion, endocytosis and exocytosis. |
| photosynthesis | Photosynthesis makes glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, which plant and animal cells use to make ATP |
| Equation for photosynthesis | CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2 |
| respiration | Cellular respiration releases the energy stored in the glucose molecule using oxygen and expels carbon dioxide and water |
| equation for respiration | C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O |
| Homeostasis | The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment. |
| Why is homeostasis important? | An organism must maintain stable internal conditions to survive. (Temperature, Mineral levels, Water levels) |
| What must cells do in order to grow and divide | Take in nutrients |
Created by:
suttletwins
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