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LD BIO CH 22

LD BIO CH 22 ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT

TermDefinition
EMBRYO a multicellular organism in the early stages of development
CLEAVAGE in a fertilized egg, the first series of cell divisions that occur without growth and continue until the cells of the embryo are reduced to the size of the cells of an adult organism
MORULA an early stage of animal development in which the embryo consists of a sold ball of cells formed by cleavage of the fertilized egg
BLASTULA a stage of development in which the embryo consists of a single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity
BLASTOCOEL the fluid-filled cavity in a blastula
GASTRULATION the process in which the cells on one side of a blastula move inward to form the two-layered gastrula
GASTRULA in animals, an early stage of embryonic development during which the second germ layer is formed.
BLASTOPORE the opening in a gastrula created by the gastrulation process; becomes an opening to the digestive system in the adult organism
ENDODERM the inner layers of cells in a simple animal or embryo; one of the germ layers of an animal embryo; develops the lining of the digestive tract, lining of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, liver, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, urinary bladder
PRIMITIVE GUT the cavity within the gastrula of an embryo that eventually forms the digestive tract
MESODERM the germ layer between the endoderm and the ectoderm; develops bones and muscles, blood and blood vessels, reproductive and excretory systems, reproductive and excretory systems, inner layers (dermis) of skin
GERM LAYERS the three embryonic cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) that give rise to all tissues and organs of animals.
DIFFERENTIATION the series of changes that transforms unspecialized embryonic cells into the specialized cells, tissues, and organs that make up an adult organism.
ECTODERM the outer layer of cells in a simple animal or embryo; develops the nervous system, including brain, spinal cord, nerves, lining of mouth, nostrils, and anus, epidermis of skin, sweat glands, hair, nails
EMBRYONIC INDUCTION the process by which one group of cells (the organizer) induces another group of cells to differentiate
EXTRAEMBRYONIC MEMBRANE in shelled eggs of reptiles and birds, any one of four membranes outside the embryo but inside the shell
CHORION the membrane that surrounds the embryo and the other extra embryonic membranes in mammals, birds and reptiles
ALLANTOIS in bird and reptile eggs, a saclike extra embryonic membrane, grows out of the digestive system of the embryo, controls gas exchange and collects metabolic wastes; in placental mammals, an extra embryonic membrane that is part of the umbilical cord
AMNION both shelled eggs and mammals, a fluid-filled extra embryonic sac that surrounds the embryo, provides a watery environment and protects the embryo
YOLK SAC in shelled eggs, the extra embryonic membrane that surrounds the yolk, containing blood vessels that transport food to the embryo
UTERUS the thick, muscular, pear-shaped organ in the female mammal in which the embryo develops
PLACENTA in mammals, a temporary organ through which the fetus receives food and oxygen from the mother's body and gets rid of wastes
UMBILICAL CORD in placental mammals, the structure that connects the fetus and the placenta
PLACENTAL MAMMALS mammals in which a placenta forms during development of the embryo (Ex: humans)
NONPLACENTAL MAMMALS mammals in which no placenta forms during development of the embryo (ex: egg-laying mammals) and the pouched mammals (ex: marsupials)
Created by: desilva13
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