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Biology Finals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of reproduction produces offspring with genetic variation? | Sexual |
| What is differentiation? | When stem cells change into cells with a specific job. |
| How many significant digits are in the numbers 0.025, 1.02, 1025, 10250.? | 1.025 - 2 1.02 - 3 1025 - 4 10250. - 5 |
| What is a testable explanation of an observation? | Hypothesis |
| What is the variable of variables that are measured in an experiment called? | Dependent variables |
| What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant X heterozygous monohybrid cross? | 2:2 or 1:1 |
| In humans, having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles (f). The inheritance of these traits can be studied using a Punnet square. The parents shown in the Punnet square (hetero X hetero) could have children with a phenotype ratio of... | 3:1 |
| Mendel's finding that each pair of alleles separate independently of on another during gamete formation became known as what? | The law of independent assortment. |
| What is the phenotype of an organism? | The physical appearance of a trait. |
| The molecules (reactants) on which an enzyme acts is called a what? | Substrate |
| What is a molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is called what? | Polar Molecule |
| During translation in eukaryotes, what do anticodons do? | Ensure that each amino acid is delivered to its proper codon or "address" on the mRNA. |
| What happens during transcription? | DNA is decoded into mRNA. |
| mRNA: GUUGAUCCCCAUUAA What is the amino acid sequence coded for by the piece of mRNA sequence shown above the diagram? | Val-Asp-Pro-His |
| What is a codon? | Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid. |
| What is the DNA complementary strand for CGAAGCT? | GCTTCGA |
| Who are the scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA? | Watson and Crick |
| What is the variable that changes between the control and experimental group called? | Independent |
| What are the variables that stay the same for both the control and experimental group called? | The controlled variables |
| A scientist noticed that in rescue fields some deer developed with curved spines. This is called a what? | An observation |
| What is a unifying explanation for a broad range of observations called? | A theory |
| How many sig figs are are in the number 6.02 x 10^23? | 3 |
| What is biology the study of? | Living things |
| What are the smallest units that can carry on all functions of life called? | Cells |
| Identify 3 characteristics of living things | Composed of cells. Ability to reproduce. Need energy for all life processes. |
| What is homeostasis? | The process by which all living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment. |
| What is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment? | Homeostasis |
| How does an autotrophic organism obtain energy? | Photosynthesis |
| Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; therefore, they are classified as a what? | Prokaryotes |
| What are characteristics of prokaryotes? | Unicellular No membrane-bound nucleus or organelles |
| All organic compounds contain what element? | Carbon |
| What are examples of nucleic acids? | DNA and RNA |
| What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called? | Heredity |
| What is the scientific study of heredity called? | Genetics |
| Who is known as the "father" of genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
| If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be what? | Homozygous recessive |
| Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in pea plants. What represents a genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness, homozygous for tall, and a pea plant homozygous for short | Hetero: Tt HomoT : TT Homot: tt |
| What does the law of segregation state? | Alleles seperate from each other. |
| In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b). In the cross between two rabbits that are heterozygous, what color are the parents? | Black |
| What is the device which is used to determine the probable outcome of genetic crosses called? | Punnett square |
| What is the genetypic ratio resulting from a homo dom X hereto mono cross? | 1:1 |
| What is the expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a homo rec X hetero mono cross? | 1:1 |
| What is the primary function of DNA? | Store and and transmit genetic info and regulate protein production |
| Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of what? | Nucleotides |
| What is a nucleotide made of? | Sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. |
| Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated what? | DNA is in the shape of a double helix |
| How does RNA differ from DNA? | Uracil instead of thymine Different sugar Single-stranded |
| In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to what? | Uracil |
| What types of RNA carries instructions from the nucleus to te ribosomes for making proteins? | mRNA |
| Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a what? | Codon |
| What happens during transcription? | DNA is decoded to mRNA |
| What happens during translation? | Each amino acid is delivered to its proper codon or "address" on the mRNA |
| What are amino acids a monomer of? | Proteins |
| Round 1743 to 2 sig figs. | 1700 |
| Round 0.001246 to 3 sig figs. | 0.00125 |
| Complete the addition problem to the correct number of sig figs: 990 + 983 = ? | 1970 |
| Complete the addition problem to the correct number of sig figs: 333 - 2.9 = ? | 330. |
| Complete the multiplication problem to the correct number of sig figs: 4.37 * 1.24 = ? | 5.42 |
| Complete the division problem to the correct number of sig figs: 5.76 / 1.54 = ? | 3.74 |
| Convert 5.99 m to cm | 599 cm |
| Convert 0.078 kg to g | 78 g |
Created by:
DFM
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