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Biomed Final Muscle2
Sliding Filament Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| skeletal muscle characteristics | striated and voluntary |
| cardiac muscles characteristics | striated and involuntary |
| smooth muscles characteristics | non striated and involuntary |
| cell or fiber of muscles covered by | sarcolemma |
| muscle cells are grouped into | fascicles |
| what links muscle cells to bones | connective tissue |
| what surrounds entire muscle? | epimysium |
| what surrounds a fascicle? | perimysium |
| what surrounds one muscle fiber? | endomysium |
| what are the dark bands in muscle? | A bands |
| what are the light bands in muscle? | I bands |
| what is the H zone? | middle portion of A band containing no thin filaments |
| what is the Z line? | anchoring proteins for attachment of thin filaments on either side |
| what is the M line? | anchoring proteins for thick filaments on either side |
| with contraction | A bands come closer together but width remains the same I bands become narrower, Z lines get closer, H zones become narrower |
| what triggers muscle contraction? | Calcium calcium binds to troponin of thin filaments to initiate contraction |
| what stores calcium? | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| myosin binding site covered by... | tropomyosin |
| what sends action potentials to sarcolemma? | alpha motor neurons |
| what does curare do? | blocks nicotinic receptors of endplate produces paralysis |
| what does botox injections do? | blocks acetylcholine release by axon produces muscle paralysis |
| what do muscles use ATP for? | conformation change in myosin crossbridge or cocking release of myosin crossbridge from actin cacium pumps of sarcoplasmic reticulum, relaxation |
| with inadequate oxygen pyruvic acid is converted to what? | lactic acid |
| Glucose breakdown into what during anaerobic cellular respiration | pyruvic acid |
| what is anaerobic cellular respiration also called? | glycolysis |
| what is the net yield of glycolysis | 2 ATP per glucose, low yield glucose catabolism stops with the formation of two lactic acid units |
| what is the net yield of aerobic cellular respiration? | 30-32 ATP per glucose, high yield |
| fat of glucose in aerobic cellular respiration | glucose, pyruvic acid, acetyl CoA, CO2 and water |
| what is myoglobin? | hemoglobin like protein found in skeletal muscles which operate aerobically |
| what is acidosis | muscles build up of lactic acid lowered muscle oxygen and increase glycolysis and lactic acid production |
| what is phosphate buildup due to? | rapid ATP breakdown |
| what is potassium buildup due to? | buildup in T tubules after many action potentials |
| what do slow oxidative muscles look like? | red muscles due to high myoglobin content stores oxygen |
| what do slow oxidative muscles do? | slow contractions, small muscle fibers |
| what do fast oxidative glycolytic muscles look like? | fast red muscles high myoglobin content, high capillary density |
| what do fast oxidative glycolytic muscles do? | metabolize both aerobic and anaerobic fast contractions |
| what do fast glycolytic muscles look like? | white muscle, little or none myoglobin largest and strongest muscle fibers |
| what do fast glycolytic muscles do? | mostly anaerobic respiration so fatigue fast fastest muscles |
| what are isotonic contractions? | muscle length changes, tension is almost contast |
| what is concentric muscle contractions | muscle shortens bringing a book upwards |
| what is eccentric muscle contractions? | muscle allowed to lengthen bringing a book downwards |
| what is isometric contractions | overall muscle length does not change but tension increases |
| what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle? | striated muscle, have intercalated discs between |
| what are the characteristics of smooth muscle? | non striated small muscle cells located in hollow viscera and tubes like GI tract |
| what is the one factor consistently associated with good health in old age? | weight bearing exercise |
| what are ligaments? | structures that connect bones to other bones |
| more mobile place for muscle | insertion |
Created by:
Chobchi
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