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Genki II Lesson 17 G
Genki II Lesson 17 Grammar (Incomplete)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| そうです, tenses | only そうです and そうだ. |
| ～って | can replace そうです in informal speech. |
| ～って, more info | informal variant of the quotation particle と. |
| ～って, expansion | can replace と言っていました. |
| ～って, Mary says she's busy today. She says she has an exam tomorrow. | メアリーさん、今日はいそがしいって。あした、しけんがあるんだって。 |
| ～って, additional use | can replace the particle と before verbs like 言う. |
| ～って, additional use, A: What did Akira say? B: He said he ate too much chocolate. | A: あきらさんは何て言ってた？ B: チョコレートを食べすぎたって言ってた。 |
| ～って, spelling after ん | て |
| ～たら | one of the several words that refer to condition (if) dependence. |
| A たら B | "B is valid, contingent on the fulfillment of A." |
| A たら B, second version | ". . . the event, action, or situation in B is realized if and when the condition A is met." |
| ～たら, "I will buy kimono if and when I go to Japan." | 日本に言ったら、着物を買います。 |
| ～たらどうですか, extra note | same たら. Means "how is it if." |
| ～たら, form | short form past tense endings of predicates. Takes verbs, adjectives, and nouns. |
| ～たら, another use 1 | Sometimes, A is a possible condition and B is the consequence which then follows. Whether or not condition is met is mostly an open issue. Can be very likely, or very unlikely. |
| ～たら, another use 1, "We will go for a walk; if the weather is fine." | 天気がよかったら、さんぽに行きます。 |
| ～たら, another use 1, "I will ask about it, if I see Professor Yamashita." | 山下先生に会ったら、そのことを聞こうと思います。 |
| ～たら, another use 1, "If somebody is a Japanese person, then they will probably know this word." | 日本人だったら、この言ばを知っているでしょう。 |
| ～たら, another use 1, "I would send money to Amnesty International, if I should win the lottery." | たからくじに当たったら、アムネスティにお金をおくります。 |
| ～たら, time | B cannot occur before A. B occurs when A occurs or later. |
| ～たら, another use 2 | "Sometimes, the たら clause describes a very probably condition, and the second clause describes the event that will take palce AS SOON AS the situation is realized." |
| ～たら, another use 2, another way to look at it | "With this type of sentence, たら simply arranges future events and activities in a temporal sequence." |
| ～たら, another use 2, "I will call you when I get home tonight." | 今晩、うちにかえったら、電話します。 |
| ～たら, another use 2, "Let's go out and have some fun once we are done with the homework." | しゅくだいがおわったら、あそびに行きましょう。 |
| ～たら, another use 2, note on interpretation | Could be the same as the way shown earlier. Depends on the facts of the real world. |
| ～たら, note on usage | cannot describe a case where B holds in spite of A being false. |
| ～たら, another use 3 | "can describe a condition that is unreal and contrary to fact. With this type sentence, you express a purely hypothetical condition and its probable result." |
| ～たら, another use 3, "If I were a cat, I would be asleep all day long." | 私がねこだったら、一日中ねているでしょう。 |
| ～たら, another use 3, "If I had money, I would buy a car." | お金があったら、車を買うんですけど。 |
| ～なくてもいいです | Describes ". . . what you do not need to do." |
| ～なくてもいいです, "You do not need to take off your shoes." | くつをぬがなくてもいいです。 |
| ～なくてもいいです, "The present does not need to be anything expensive." | プレゼントは高くなくてもいいです。 |
| みたいです | follows a noun and express the idea that something or somebody resembles the thing or the person described by the noun. |
| みたいです, more info | usually the resemblance is noted in terms of external characteristics, but not necessarily so. |
| みたいです, "My dad looks/acts like Colonel Sanders, the KFC founder. (Has a portly figure? Has a white goatee? Stands on the street 24/7?" | 私の父はカーネルおじさんみたいです。 |
| みたいです, "That person over there is like a gorilla. (Sturdily built? Thumps his chest often? Good at climbing trees?)" | あの人はゴリラみたいです。 |
| みたいです, other use | ". . . can also follow a verb and expresses the idea that something 'appears to be the case.'" |
| みたいです, other use, syntax | Can follow the affirmative and negative present and past short forms. |
| みたいです, other use, "It looks like it has rained." | 雨がふったみたいです。 |
| みたいです, other use, "It looks like that person is hungry." | あの人はおなかがすいているみたいです。 |
| みたいです, other use, "It looks like that person did not sleep last night." | あの人はきのうの夜ねかったみたいです。 |
| みたいです, other use, "It looks like the professor is not coming to school tomorrow." | 先生は明日学校に来ないみたいです。 |
| みたいです, other use 2 | "You can use [it] to talk about yourself, when you are not clear about the situation you are in." |
| みたいです, other use 2, "It looks like I have left my wallet at home." | さいふをわすれたみたいです。 |
| みたいです, adjective note | can follow adjectives, but it is far more common to use そうです with adjectives. |
| 前に | can use the present tense short form with this to describe the event before which something happens. |
| 前に, form | verb A (short present) + 前に verb B B before A. |
| 前に, "I will go to Tokyo one more time before I go back home." | 国に帰る前に、もう一度東京に行きます。 |
| 前に, "I studied japanse for one semester before I came to Japan." | 日本に来る前に、一がっき日本語を勉強しました。 |
| 前に, tense info | verb preceding it always in the presnt tense, regardless of sentence tense. |
| ～てから | describes an event after which another thing happens. |
| ～てから, form | verb A + てから verb B A, and then B./B after A. |
| ～てから, "I studied and then wrote letters to my friends." | 勉強してから、友だちに手紙を書きました。 |
| ～てから, "Why don't we (start) eat(ing) after Ken has arrived." | けんさんが来てから、食べましょう。 |
| ～てから, additional usage | ". . . can also describe the state of B that has held true SINCE the event A." |
| ～てから, additional usage, "I have been feeling very lonely since my cat died." | ねこが死んだから、とてもさびしいです。 |
Created by:
ncommons
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