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Ecology Section
Bio Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What were Connell's observations of the intertidal zone? | Adults from two separate species of barnacles occupied two different horizontal zones, while the young from the upper zone were often found in the lower zone. |
| What were Connell's hypotheses? | That physical conditions, competition for space, and predation were the reasons for mortality. |
| What were Connell's experimental treatments? | Switching of location for upper/lower horizontal zone barnacles, and putting barnacles in a cage with snails. |
| What are the three factors determining barnacle zonation in the intertidal zone? | Three factors: physical conditions, interspecific competition, predation |
| What were Connell's findings? | Findings: Upper intertidal zone: big barnacle dies, small barnacle lives Middle intertidal zone: big barnacles takes up more space than small barnacles Lower intertidal zone: big barnacles subject to predation |
| DEFINITION: biological species concept | a group of populations whose members can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring |
| DEFINITION: morphological species concept | classification based on physical traits such as shape, size, and other features of morphology (form) |
| DEFINITION: phylogenetic species concept | the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor and thus form one branch in the tree of life |
| DEFINITION: ecological species concept | identifying species in terms of their ecological niches |
| DEFINITION: prezygotic reproductive barriers | prevent mating or fertilization between species |
| DEFINITION: postzygotic reproductive barriers | reduced hybrid viability and reduced hybrid fertility |
| Why are reproductive barriers critical for speciation? | They keep species separate |
| DEFINITION: allopatric speciation | populations separated by a geographic barrier |
| DEFINITION: sympatric speciation | a new species arises within the same geographic area as its parent species |
| DEFINITION: adaptive radiation | the evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor |
| DEFINITION: hybrid zones reinforcement, fusion, stability | hybrid zones: regions where members of different species meet and mate reinforcement: natural selection reinforces reproductive barriers fusion: so much gene flow makes speciation reverse & two species fuse stability: many hybrid zones are stable |
| DEFINITION: population | a group of individuals of a single species that occupies the same general area |
| DEFINITION: population density | the number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume |
| DEFINITION: dispersion | the way individuals are spaced within their area |
| DEFINITION: survivorship curves | survivorship = the proportion of individuals from an initial population that are alive at each age |
| Density-dependent factors vs density-independent factors | Density-dependent: Limiting factors whose intensity is related to population density (i.e. intraspecific competition) Density-independent: when a limiting factor is unrelated to population density |
Created by:
pienkows
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