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Cell Cycle

Meiosis 1 & 2 - Separates homologous chromosomes; Separates sister chromatids

PhaseProcess
Prophase 1 Chromosomes condense, and homologs loosely pair along their lengths, aligned gene by gene.
Prophase 1 Paired homologs become phuysically connected to each other along their lengths by a zipper-like protein structure. The synaptonemal complex; synapsis
Prophase 1 Crossing over; rearrangement between non-sister chromatids
Prophase 1 Chiasmata- x-shaped regions
Prophase 1 Centrosome movement, spindle formation, and nuclear envelope breakdown occur in mitosis
Prophase 1 Near end of this phase. Microtubules from one pole or the other attach to the 2 kinetochores.
Metaphase 1 homologous chromosomes now arranged at metaphase plate.
Metaphase 1 Both chromatids of one homolog are attached to the kinetochore microtubules from one pole
Anaphase 1 Breakdown of proteins responsible for sister chromatid cohesion along chromatid arms allows homologs to separate.
Anaphase 1 guided by the spindle apparatus, homologs move toward opposite poles.
Anaphase 1 cohesion persists at the centromere, causing chromatids to move as a unit toward the same pole.
Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis Has complete haploid set of duplicated chromosomes
Cytokinesis Occurs simultaneously with telophase 1, forming 2 haploid daughter cells.
Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis A cleavage furrow forms.
Prophase 2 Spindle apparatus forms.
Prophase 2 Chromosomes, composed of two chromatids, move toward the metaphase 2 plate.
Metaphase 2 Chromosomes are positioned at the metaphase plate as in mitosis.
Metaphase 2 Kinetochores of sister chromatids are attached to microtubules extending from opposite poles
Anaphase 2 Breakdown of proteins holding the sister chromatids together at the centromere allows the chromatids to seperate. The chromatids move toward opposite poles as individual poles.
Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis Nuclei form, chromosomes begin decondensing
Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis Four daughter cells are genetically distinct from one another and from the parent cell.
Created by: Napomian
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