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Biology- FINAL

Final Exam

QuestionAnswer
What is the scientific method? Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion, Theory
What are the elements of life? Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, +Calcium
What are the levels of organization? Atom, Micro molecule, Molecule, Macro Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
What are the subatomic particles? Protons +, Neutrons, Electrons -
What is the classification system? Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What are the two domains of life? Bacteria and Plants
What are the five kingdoms of life? Bacteria, and Plants, Animals, Fungus, Protists
What is the genus and species of humans? homo sapiens
What is metabolism? Chemical energy reactions in cells
What is homeostasis? Balance or maintanence
What is the breakdown of macromolecules? Catabolism or lysis
What is the build up of macromolecules? Anabolism or genesis
What are the monomers of carbohydrates? Monosaccharide
What are monomers of lipids? Monoglyceride
What are monomers of proteins? Monopeptides
What are monomers of nucleic acids? nucleotides
What is the stored form of carbohydrates? glycogen
What is the stored form of lipids? fat
What are the stored forms of proteins? Muscle, hormone, enzyme
What is the stored form of nucleic acids? DNA or RNA
Prokaryote vs? Eukaryote
Plant vs? Animal cell differences
What is tonicity? Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic,
What is permeability? Diffusion, osmosis, Passive, Active Transport
What are the reactants for photosynthesis? Sunlight, Water, Carbon Dioxide
What are the products of photosynthesis? Oxygen, and Glucose
What are the reactants for cellular respiration? Oxygen and glucose
What are the products of cellular respiration? Heat, water, and carbon dioxide
What does endergonic mean? Input of energy (Photosynthesis)
What does exergonic mean? Output of energy (cellular respiration)
What does the first law of thermodynamics say? All energy in the universe remains constant
What is the second law of thermodynamics? cannot happen without the loss of heat
What are the three steps of the cell cycle? Interphase, mitosis/meiosis, cytokinesis
What are the three steps of interphase? G1, S, G2
What are the four phases of mitosis? Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
What is the division of the cytoplasm? Cytokinesis
What is cytokinesis in animals? Cleavage furrowing
What is cytokinesis in plants? Cell plating
What does the S stand for during interphase? Synthesis
How many total chromosomes do humans have? 46
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? 23
How many total sex chromosomes do humans have? 2
How many total body chromosomes do humans have? 44
Define mitosis body cells
Define meiosis sex cells
What is genotype? Genetic makeup
What is physical appearance? phenotype
What is homozygous recessive? aa
What is homozygous dominant? AA
What is heterozygous? Aa
What does hypertonic mean? Water moves out of the cell (salt)
What does hypotonic mean? water moves into the cell (fresh)
What does isotonic mean? no movement
What are three things of tonicity? hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic
What is diffusion? high to low
What is osmosis? high to low in water through membrane
What is active transport? low to high with protein energy
What is passive transport? high to low with protein energy
Created by: TWilliams22
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