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Biology- FINAL
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the scientific method? | Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion, Theory |
| What are the elements of life? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, +Calcium |
| What are the levels of organization? | Atom, Micro molecule, Molecule, Macro Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere |
| What are the subatomic particles? | Protons +, Neutrons, Electrons - |
| What is the classification system? | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| What are the two domains of life? | Bacteria and Plants |
| What are the five kingdoms of life? | Bacteria, and Plants, Animals, Fungus, Protists |
| What is the genus and species of humans? | homo sapiens |
| What is metabolism? | Chemical energy reactions in cells |
| What is homeostasis? | Balance or maintanence |
| What is the breakdown of macromolecules? | Catabolism or lysis |
| What is the build up of macromolecules? | Anabolism or genesis |
| What are the monomers of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharide |
| What are monomers of lipids? | Monoglyceride |
| What are monomers of proteins? | Monopeptides |
| What are monomers of nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| What is the stored form of carbohydrates? | glycogen |
| What is the stored form of lipids? | fat |
| What are the stored forms of proteins? | Muscle, hormone, enzyme |
| What is the stored form of nucleic acids? | DNA or RNA |
| Prokaryote vs? | Eukaryote |
| Plant vs? | Animal cell differences |
| What is tonicity? | Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic, |
| What is permeability? | Diffusion, osmosis, Passive, Active Transport |
| What are the reactants for photosynthesis? | Sunlight, Water, Carbon Dioxide |
| What are the products of photosynthesis? | Oxygen, and Glucose |
| What are the reactants for cellular respiration? | Oxygen and glucose |
| What are the products of cellular respiration? | Heat, water, and carbon dioxide |
| What does endergonic mean? | Input of energy (Photosynthesis) |
| What does exergonic mean? | Output of energy (cellular respiration) |
| What does the first law of thermodynamics say? | All energy in the universe remains constant |
| What is the second law of thermodynamics? | cannot happen without the loss of heat |
| What are the three steps of the cell cycle? | Interphase, mitosis/meiosis, cytokinesis |
| What are the three steps of interphase? | G1, S, G2 |
| What are the four phases of mitosis? | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase |
| What is the division of the cytoplasm? | Cytokinesis |
| What is cytokinesis in animals? | Cleavage furrowing |
| What is cytokinesis in plants? | Cell plating |
| What does the S stand for during interphase? | Synthesis |
| How many total chromosomes do humans have? | 46 |
| How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? | 23 |
| How many total sex chromosomes do humans have? | 2 |
| How many total body chromosomes do humans have? | 44 |
| Define mitosis | body cells |
| Define meiosis | sex cells |
| What is genotype? | Genetic makeup |
| What is physical appearance? | phenotype |
| What is homozygous recessive? | aa |
| What is homozygous dominant? | AA |
| What is heterozygous? | Aa |
| What does hypertonic mean? | Water moves out of the cell (salt) |
| What does hypotonic mean? | water moves into the cell (fresh) |
| What does isotonic mean? | no movement |
| What are three things of tonicity? | hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic |
| What is diffusion? | high to low |
| What is osmosis? | high to low in water through membrane |
| What is active transport? | low to high with protein energy |
| What is passive transport? | high to low with protein energy |