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Ch. 7: Disc. Of Cell
Section 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Organelle | A part that is enclosed within its own membrane inside a cell and has a particular function. Found in eukaryotic cells and are absent from the cells of prokaryotes such as bacteria. |
| Nucleus (of a cell) | The positively charged central region of an atom, composed of one or more protons and (for all atoms except hydrogen) one or more neutrons, containing most of the mass of the atom. |
| Nucleolus | A small, typically spherical granular body located in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, composed largely of protein and RNA. |
| Chromatin | The readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division. |
| Ribosomes | A tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of endoplasmic reticula, and functioning as the site of protein manufacture. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | A network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum) involved in the transport of materials. |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | A series of connected flattened sacs that have many ribosomes on their outer surface. Rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes and secretes serum proteins (albumin) in the liver, and hormones (insulin) and other substances (milk) in the glands. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) | Tubular in form and is involved in the synthesis of phospholipids, the main lipids in cell membranes. |
| Mitochondria | The cell organelle where much of cellular respiration takes place; the “power plant” of the cell. |
| ATP | A key energy-carrying molecule in biological systems. It is produced in the body through the process of cell respiration and in plants through photosynthesis. |
| Cristae | Any of the folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. |
| Golgi Complex | An organelle, consisting of layers of flattened sacs, that takes up and processes secretory and synthetic products from the endoplasmic reticulum and either gets rid of them or put them in different parts of the cell. |
| Vacuole | A membrane-bound cavity within a cell, often containing a watery liquid or secretion. |
| Lysosome | Any of numerous small particles, containing digestive enzymes, that are present in the cytoplasm of most cells |
| Chloroplast | A plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments, occurring in plants and algae that carry out photosynthesis |
| Thylakoids | A flattened sac or vesicle lined with a pigmented membrane that is the site of photosynthesis. |
| Grana | A stacked membranous structure within the chloroplasts of plants and green algae that contains the chlorophyll and is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis. |
| Stroma | The supporting framework or matrix of a cell. |
| Cilia | Minute hairlike organelles, identical in structure to flagella, that line the surfaces of certain cells and beat in rhythmic waves, providing locomotion to ciliate protozoans and moving liquids along internal epithelial tissue in animals. |
| Flagella | A long, lashlike appendage serving as an organ of locomotion in protozoa, sperm cells, etc. |
| Photosynthesis | The complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, using energy from the sun and chlorophyll. |
| Chlorophyll | Any of a group of related green pigments found in photosynthetic cells that converts light energy into ATP and other forms of energy needed for biochemical processes. |
| Centrioles | A small, cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, that divides in during mitosis, the new pair of centrioles moving ahead of the spindle to opposite poles. |
| Cytoskeleton | A shifting lattice arrangement of structural and contractile components distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm, composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and larger filaments, functioning as a structural support and transport mechanism. |
| Cytoplasm | The cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles. |
| DNA | The nucleic acid that is the genetic material determining the makeup of all living cells and many viruses. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is contained in the nucleus and in mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
Created by:
Austin Rector
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