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science-midterms2013
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| polar molecule | a molecule that has electricity charged areas |
| capillary action | the combined force of attraction among water molecules and with molecules surrounding the materiel |
| surface tension | tightness across the surface of water caused by the polar molecules pulling on each other |
| solution | a mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another |
| solvent | a substance that dissolves another |
| solute | a substance that is dissolved by a solvent |
| evaporation | process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid adsorb enough energy to change to the gaseous state |
| condensation | the process by which a gas changes into a liquid |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants use water, along with carbon dioxide and energy from the sun, to make its own food |
| transpirtation | the process which plants give off water vapor through their leaves |
| habitat | the place where an organism lives and where it obtains all the things it needs to survive |
| groundwater | water that fills in underground rock and soil layers |
| precipertation | water that falls to earth as rain, snow, hail, or sleet |
| water cycle | the continuous process by which water moves from earth's surface to the atmosphere and back |
| tributaries | a stream or smaller river that feeds into a main river |
| watersheds | the land area that supplies water to a rover system |
| divides | a ridge of land that separates one watershed from another |
| oxbow lake | when a meander curves back on itself forming |
| mouth/delta | where a river flows into another body of water |
| headwaters | many small streams that come together at the source of a river |
| flood plain | broad, flat valley through which a river flows |
| meander | looping curves in a river |
| lake turnover | when the warm water mixes with the cool water in a lake |
| volcanic lake | a lake that forms when water fills a volcanic crater |
| glacier-made lake | a lake formed by the movement of glaciers |
| human-made lake | a lake made by humans used for irrigation, recreation, or drinking |
| nutrients | a substance (such as nitrogen and phosphorous) that enables plants and algae to grow |
| euthrophication | the process by which nutrients in a lake build up over time and increase the growth of algae |
| wetlands | a area that is covered by a sallow layer of water during some or all of the year |
| mangroves | salt water swamp |
| bayous | fresh water swamp |
| salt marsh | marsh with salt water |
| bogs | kind of wetland (fresh water) |
| filters | wetland plants that filter pollutants from the water |
| buffer | a place where animals live |
| marsh | fresh water wetland |
| permeable | a characteristic of materials, such as sand and gravel, that water easily passes through |
| impermeable | a characteristic of materials, such as clay and granite, through which water does easily pass |
| saturated zone | the area of permeable rock or soil in which the cracks and pores are totally filled with water |
| unsaturated zone | the layer of rocks and soil above the water tables in which the pores contain air as well as water |
| water table | the top of the saturated zone or depth to the ground water under Earth's surface |
| aqufier | an underground layer of sediment or rock that holds water |
| artesian well | a well in which water rises because of pressure within the aquifer |
| desalination | the process of obtaining fresh water from salt water by removing salt |
| conservation | the practice of using less of a resource so that it will not be used up |
| irrigation | the process of supplying water o areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops |
| water quaility | measurement of substances in the water besides water molecules |
| concentration | the amount of a substance in a certain volume of another substance |
| pH | measurement of how acidic or basic he water is |
| hardness | the combined level of calcium and magnesium in a sample of water |
| fliteration | the process of passing water through a series of screens |
| coagulation | alum is added to form sticky flocs which particles stick to |
| sewage | waste water and the different kinds of waste in it |
| water pollution | the addition of any substance that has a negative effect on water or the living things that depend on water |
| pesticides | chemicals intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops |
| pollutants | the substances that cause water pollutions |
| nonpoint source | a widely spread source of of pollution that is difficult to link to specific point of origin |
| point source | a specific source of pollution that can be identified |
| acid rain | rain or another another form of precipitation that is more acid than normal |
| cholrea | a disese caused by bacteria in human waste |
| DDT,nitrates & phosphates | kinds of pesticides and fertilizers |
| drought | a long period with little rainfall |
| flood | occur when the volume of river increases so much the river overflows its channel |
| flash flood | a sudden violent flood that occurs within hours |
| penstocks | water flow through the penstocks creating kinetic energy |
| turbines | water with kinetic energy turns the turbine blades creating mechanical energy |
| hydroelectric power | electricity produced by the kinetic energy of water over a waterfall or dam |
| kinetic energy | the form of energy that an object has when it is moving |
| potential energy | energy that is stored and waiting to be used |
Created by:
miamacdonald
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