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BIO 250
Circulatory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What five things does the immune system transport? | 1. Oxygen + nutrients 2. Hormones to target location 3. Waste products 4. Components of immune system 5. lymph |
| What is lymph? | Leaky plasma |
| What is the plasma? | The liquid portion of the blood |
| What cells are in blood? | 1. RBCs 2. WBCs 3. platelets |
| What are RBCs? | erthrocytes |
| What do RBCs do? | contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen, lack nuclei in mammals only |
| What are WBCs called? | leucoctyes |
| What do WBCs do? | They are part of the immune system |
| What do platelets do? | produce chemical reactions, function in clotting |
| Heart Embryology | Mesodermal origin |
| Blood islands | conglomerates of cells which will produce cardiovascular system (form blood vessels and cells) |
| Embryonic Heart | essentially a contractile tube, closely related to the gut tube |
| Primitive Vert Hearts (Fish and before) | 1. sinous venosus 2. atrium 3. ventricle 4. conus arteriosus |
| Single Circulation | Pattern in which the blood only passes thru the heart once |
| Double Circulation | Pattern in which the blood passes thru the heart twice |
| Phases of Double Circulation | 1. Pulmonary Circuit 2. Systematic circuit |
| Ventral Aorta leads to? | 1. Afferent Brachnial ateries 2. Dorsal Aorta |
| What does the dorsal aorta do? | carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body |
| 3-chambered vert hearts have which chambers? | 2 atria and 1 ventricle |
| Functional implications of a 3 chambered heart? | More efficient than 2 chambers less efficient than four. Having one ventricle ends up sending blood out to the body that is still deoxy. |
| What verts have 3 chambered hearts? | reptiles, amphibians, lungfish, anapsids, and early sinapsids |
| 4 chambered hearts | 2 atria and 2 ventricles |
| Where are four chambered hearts found? | mammals and archosaurs |
| Functional implications of 4 chambered heart? | More efficient, separation of blood that goes to the lungs and to the body because of the two ventricles |
| Single Circulation | Pattern in which the blood only passes thru the heart once |
| Double Circulation | Pattern in which the blood passes thru the heart twice |
| Phases of Double Circulation | 1. Pulmonary Circuit 2. Systematic circuit |
| Ventral Aorta leads to? | 1. Afferent Brachnial ateries 2. Dorsal Aorta |
| What does the dorsal aorta do? | carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body |
| 3-chambered vert hearts have which chambers? | 2 atria and 1 ventricle |
| Functional implications of a 3 chambered heart? | More efficient than 2 chambers less efficient than four. Having one ventricle ends up sending blood out to the body that is still deoxy. |
| What verts have 3 chambered hearts? | reptiles, amphibians, lungfish, anapsids, and early sinapsids |
| 4 chambered hearts | 2 atria and 2 ventricles |
| Where are four chambered hearts found? | mammals and archosaurs |
| Functional implications of 4 chambered heart? | More efficient, separation of blood that goes to the lungs and to the body because of the two ventricles |
| Blood flow in four chambered heart? | sinous venosus dumps coronary blood into R.A.>right atrioventricular valve>pulmonary trunk> R&L pulmonary arteries>pulmonary veins bring blood from lungs to L.A.>left atrioventricular valve>L.V.>aorta>rest of body |
| Fetal Circulation | oxygen is adde dat placenta, mixes with deoxy. blood in IVC (mostly oxy.), mixes with deoxygenated blood in R.A. |
| Foramen Ovale | fetal pulmonary bypass |
| Ductus Arteriosus | fetal pulmonary bypass number two |
| Coronary | supplies the heart with blood |
| Subclavian | (paired) distributes blood to pectoral appendages |
| Carotoid | may branch from subclavian, supply head and neck with blood |
| Parietal | distribute blood to body wall segmentally (eg. diaphragm) |
| Celiac | supplies blood to the stomach, proximal small intestine, liver, spleen, etc (foregut) |
| Cranial(anterior) mesenteric | supplies blood to the small intestine and a part of the large intestine (midgut) |
| Renal | supplies blood to the kidneys |
| Genital | supplies blood to the gonads |
| Caudal (post) mesenteric | supplies blood to the hindgut |
| Iliac | supplies blood to the pelvic appendages |
| Papillary muscles | located inside the ventricles, they attach to the atrioventricular valves prevented back flow through these valves |
| Chordae Tendonae | tendons connecting papillary muscles to the a.v. valves |
| Aortic valve | passive valve, lies between the left ventricle and the aorta |
| Pulmonary valve | semilunar valve with three cusps between right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| Sinoartrial node (SA) | starting point of heart contractions, initiates contractions, controls rate of contractions |
| Atrioventricular (AV) node | part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart, located between the atria and ventricles |
Created by:
lydia.durkovic
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