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LS Midterm Vocab Rev
Life Science Vocabulary Midterm Review 2013
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Decomposer | an organism that gets energy by breaking down dead organisms and their waste |
| Homeostasis | the maintenance of a stable internal environment |
| Producer | an organism that produces its own food, usually by using the energy from sunlight to make sugar |
| Phospholipid | a type of lipid molecule that forms much of a cell's membrane |
| Asexual Reproduction | reproduction in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| ATP | the molecule that provides energy for a cell's activities |
| Metabolism | the combined chemical processes that occur in a cell or living organism |
| Consumer | an organism that eats producers or other organisms for energy |
| Heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Nucleic Acid | a biochemical that stores information needed to build proteins; made of nucleotides |
| Protein | a biochemical that is composed of amino acids; these molecules speed up reactions and provide structural support for organisms |
| Sexual Reproduction | reproduction in which two parents are needed to produce offspring that will share traits of both parents |
| Stimulus | anything that affects the activity of an organism, organ, or tissue |
| DNA | hereditary material that controls all the activities of cells |
| Carbohydrate | a biochemical composed of one or more simple sugars bonded together that is used for energy |
| Cell | a membrane-covered structure that contains all the materials necessary for life |
| Lipid | type of biochemical, including fats and oils, that does not dissolve in water; they store energy |
| Temperature | a measure of the average energy of the particles in a sample of matter |
| Eelectron Microscope | a microscope that uses tiny particles of matter to produce magnified images |
| Variable | a factor in a controlled experiment that changes |
| Theory | a unifying explanation for hypotheses and observations that have been supported by experiments |
| Controlled Experiment | an expermient that only tests one factor at a time |
| Scientific Method | a series of steps that scientists use to answer questions an solve problems |
| Life Science | the study of living things |
| Compound Light Microscope | type of microscope that consists of a tube with lenses, a stage and a light source |
| Hypothesis | a possible explanation or best answer to a problem |
| Volume | the amount of space that something occupies or the amount of space that somehting contains |
| Area | a measure of how much surface an object has |
| Mass | the amount of matter that somehting is made of - does not vary with location |
| Technology | the application of knowledge, tools and materials to solve problems and accomplish tasks |
| Microbiology | branch of biology dealing with the microscopic forms of life |
| Physiology | the study of how an organism functions |
| Botany | the science that deals with plants and plant life |
| Histology | the study of tissues |
| Ecology | branch of science concerned with the interrelationships of organisms and their environments |
| Cytology | the study of cells |
| Mycology | branch of biology dealing with the study of fungi - mold, mildew, yeast, mushrooms, etc |
| Ornithology | branch of biology dealing with the study of birds |
| Paleontology | the branch of science studying prehistoric life by means of fossils |
| Embryology | branch of biology that deals with the study of embryos and their development |
| Zoology | the science that deals with animals and animal life |
| Genetics | branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms within species |
| Taxonomy | the study of scientific classification and the use of binomial nomenclature (two-part Latin name) |
| Herpetology | branch of zoology dealing with the study of reptiles and amphibians |
| Ichthyology | branch of biology that deals with the study of fish |
| Bacteriology | the science that deals with the study of bacteria |
| Endocrinology | the study of endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete |
| Anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism |
| Entomology | branch of zoology that deals with the study of insects |
| Pathology | the branch of medicine that deals with the nature of disease |
| Mammology | the study of mammals |
| Primatology | the study of primates |
| Parasitology | the study of parasites |
| Virology | the study of viruses |
| Toxicology | the study of toxins (poisons) and the effect they have on living organisms |
| Lysosome | a special vesicle in cells that digests food particles, wastes and foreign invaders; called "suicide bags or clean-up crews" |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific job in the body |
| Organ | a combination of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
| Organ System | a group of organs working together to perform body functions |
| Organism | a living thing that can independently carry out the processes of life |
| Unicellular | a term used to refer to an organism made of a single cell |
| Population | a group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time |
| Ecosystem | a community of organisms plus their nonliving environment |
| Organelles | tiny organs that float in a cell's cytoplasm that are sometime surrounded by a membrane |
| Multicellular | a term used to refer to an organism made of multilple cells |
| Community | all of the populations of different species that live and interact in an area |
| Cell Membrane | outermost part of an animal cell that separates the inside and the outside of the cell; made of phospholipids |
| Cytoplasm | cellular fluid surrounding a cell's organelles |
| Nucleus | membrane covered organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains DNA and serves as a control center; called the control center or "brains" of the cell |
| Eukaryotic | type of cell that does have a nucleus; the DNA is bound within the nucleus; Ex. cells from plants, animals, protists and fungi |
| Cell Wall | outermost part of a plant cell; structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support; |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | an organelle that produces lipids, breaks down drugs, & packages proteins for release from the cell; called the "highway or delivery system" of the cell |
| Chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algal cells where photosynthesis occurs; this organelle contains the green pigment chlorophyll |
| Vesicle | a membrane covered compartment that forms when the cell membrane surrounds an object and pinches off |
| Prokaryotic | type of cell that does NOT have a nucleus; the DNA floats in the cytoplasm; bacteria are the only example of this type of cell |
| Bacteria | extremely small, single celled organisms WITHOUT a nucleus; they are called prokaryotic |
| Ribosome | small organelles in cells where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins; attached to the RER; called "protein factories" |
| Mitochondria | an organelle surrounded by two membranes that breaks down food molecules to make ATP; called the "power-plant or power house" of the cell |
| Golgi Complex | an organelle that modifies, packages and transports materials out of the cell; called the "chemical processing and packaging center" |
| Vacuole | large structures in plant cells and small structures in animal cells that stores water and other liquids; called a "storage tank" |
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harrisonk102
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