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Biology 1010 Exam
Biology Composotion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? | Prokaryotes Eukaryotes No nucleus Nucleus Not membrane bounded membrane bounded organelles organelles fatty acids fatty acids peptidoglycan cell wall chemistry |
| Chloroplast | creates glucose |
| Equation of photosynthesis | 6CO2 + 6H20 ---------------> C6H12O6+O2 (light energy) |
| Difference between oxidation and reduction reactions | Oxidation is the loss of one or more electron through chemical reaction. Reduction is the gain of one or more electron through chemical reactions |
| Difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions | dehydration sythesis: 2 covalent bonds between 2 molecules through the loss of water Hydration synthesis: splitting molecule by adding water |
| Potential Energy | stored energy available to work |
| Kinetic energy | used to do work |
| golgi body | protiens or lipids enters cytoplasam |
| liposome | small membrane bounded transport vesicle |
| centrouls | reproduction and cell division |
| cytoskeleton | supports structures and helps move synthesized protiens |
| vacule | water and food |
| cell membrane | separates cell content |
| cell wall | surrounds prokayrotes, protists,plants, and fungi |
| nuclioid | DNA |
| centrosome | organizes microtuble |
| peroxisome | houses enzymes, breaks fatty acid, and toxic chemicals |
| nucleous | ribosome synthasis |
| rough endoplasmic reteculim | transport and storage |
| lysosome | digestion |
| cytoplasam | chemicals take place releasing concenrated protiens or lipids |
| golgi apparatus | synthathis packages |
| smooth endoplasmic reteculom | lipids or fats |
| mitochondria | powerhouse of a cell: Energy through cellular respiration |
| plasmodesma | allows cytoplasam to flow between plant cells |
| 4 macromolecules of life | charbohydrates, protiens, lipids, and nucleic acid. |
| characteristic of charbohydrates | compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. contains monosaccharides (single sugar molecules). use it as main source or energy |
| characteristics of lipids | made up mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms. some lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with fatty acids. |
| characteristics of nucleic acid | contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. they are polymers assembled from individual monomers called nucleotides. they store and transmit hereditary information. the 2 kinds are RNA and DNA |
| characteristics of protiens | contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. they are polymers of molecules called amino acids.Some proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell proccesses . some are used to form bones and muscles. Help fight diseases. |
| Atomic number | atomic mass/ weight |
| Buffer System | weak acid/base pair that resists change in PH |
| Properties of water | solid, liquid, and gas |
| Difference between aerobic and anerobic respiration | Aerobic- With oxygen Anerobic- without oxygen |
| speciation | |
| prezyotic reproductive barriers | habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavoiral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation. |
| postzyotic reproductive barriers | hybrid inviability, hybrid infertility, and hybrid breakdown |
| allopatric speciation | |
| sympatic speciation | |
| polyploidy | |
| taxonomy | |
| Properties of DNA and DAN based pairs | A --> T C-->G U= Universal |
| Enzymes involved in DNA replication | Helicase, RNA, DNA polmerase, and ligase. |
| What are the events that occur in transcription | Initiation- Enzymes unwind DNA Elongation- RNA polmerase moves RNA along DNA strand and adds nuciotides to the molecule Termination- RNA reaches the end of the sequence |
| What are the roles of the RNA's involved during translation | mRNA- carries genetic information to encode tRNA- binds to both mRNA codons and amino acids Ribosome- built of rRNA and protiens, arches mRNA during translation |
| Codon | triplet of mRNA bases specifics amino acid. |
| Anticodon | three base loop complementry to 1 mRNA codon |
| Zygote | The fused egg in sperm that develops into a diploid individual |
| What is meosis? | A reduction division |
| Oogenesis | germs cell in the ovary |
| spermotgenisis | germ cell in the seminferous |
| Polar Body | small cell produced in femal meosis. Funtion: either die or are miscarried |
| Pros and cons of sexual reproduction | PROS- offspring is genetically different creates diversity CONS- Takes a lot of energy costly |
| Pros and Cons of asexual reproduction | PRO- Conjegation, less energy, and not costly CON- No diversity |
| Natural selection | |
| descent with modification | |
| adaptations | |
| artificial selection | |
| Contributions from Darwin and Wallace | Individuals are different. NATURAL SELECTION |
| Lemark | Species come from existing species through enviromental forces |
| Malthus | Individuals that can obtain resources will survive. SURVIVAL OF THE FITTIST |
| Lyell | Changes in nature are gradual. GRADIATION |
| homologos structures | |
| vestigial structures | |
| analogous | |
| Convergant evolution | |
| biogeography | |
| Classifications | Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Species |
| Characteristics of life | organization and energy use |
| What are the 3 domains | Bacteria, Archea, Ekeria |
| Steps in the scientific method | Hypothosis, data, observe,peer review, analyze, publish |
| What is an endogonic reaction | A chemical reaction that requires energy |
| What is an exogonic reaction | Energy is released through a chemical reaction |
Created by:
blissful1212
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