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earthqukes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| p-wave | a longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph. |
| s- wave | a transverse earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the second conspicuous wave to reach a seismograph. |
| surface wave | a transverse earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the second conspicuous wave to reach a seismograph. |
| Richter scale | a scale, ranging from 1 to 10, for indicating the intensity of an earthquake. |
| Mercalli scale | a measure of earthquake intensity with 12 divisions ranging from I (felt by very few) to XII (total destruction). |
| Moment magnitude scale | a logarithmic scale of 1 to 10 (a successor to the Richter scale) that enables seismologists to compare the energy released by different earthquakes on the basis of the area of the geological fault that ruptured in the quake |
| tension | the act of stretching or straining. |
| compression | the reduction in volume and increase of pressure of the air or combustible mixture in the cylinder prior to ignition, produced by the motion of the piston toward the cylinder head after intake. |
| shearing | to remove by or as if by cutting or clipping with a sharp instrument: to shear wool from sheep |
| seismologist | the science or study of earthquakes and their phenomena. |
| epicenter | Also, epicentrum. Geology . a point, directly above the true center of disturbance, from which the shock waves of an earthquake apparently radiate. |
| seismograph | any of various instruments for measuring and recording the vibrations of earthquakes. |
| earthquake | shaking that results form the movement of rocks beneath the surface of the earth |
| mantle | layer of hot, solid material between crust and core |
| plateau | land form that has high elevation and a level surface |
| liquifaction | process by which earthquake's violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud |
| after-shock after-shock aftershock aftershock | an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake |
| lithosphere | the solid portion of the earth (distinguished from atmosphere, hydrosphere ). |
| seismic wave | a wave of energy that is generated by an earthquake or other earth vibration and that travels within the earth or along its surface. |
| normal fault | hanging wall slides downward caused by tension in the crust |
| focus | area beneath the surface where rock that is under stress breaks, causing an earthquake |
| Revrse fault | blocks move in opposite directions |
| strike-slip fault | rocks o either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion |
| tension | |
| compression | |
| Shearing | |
| plateau | |
| normal Fault | |
| reverse fault | |
| strike-slip fault |