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biology test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the delivery of characteristics from parent to offspring | heredity |
| The scientific study of heredity, known as ___, is the key to understanding what makes each organism unique. | genetics |
| The modern science of genetics was founded by an Austrian monk named Gregor ___. “Father of Genetics” | mendal |
| Mendel knew that the male part of each flower makes pollen, which contains __ | sperm |
| Similarly, Mendel knew that the female portion of each flower produces reproductive cells called ___. | eggs |
| During sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join in a process known as ___to produce a new cell | fertilization |
| In peas, this new cell develops into a tiny embryo encased within a ___. | seed |
| Pea flowers are normally ___, which means that sperm cells fertilize egg cells from within the same flower | self-pollinating |
| A plant grown from a ___produced by self-pollination inherits all of its characteristics from the ___plant that bore it. In effect, it has a single parent | seed/single |
| In other words, the traits of each successive generation would be the ___. | same |
| A ___is a specific characteristic of an individual, such as seed color or plant height, and may vary from one individual to another. | trait |
| Mendel decided to “___” his stocks of true-breeding plants—he caused one plant to reproduce with another plant | cross |
| This process, known as ___, produces a plant that has two different parents | cross-pollination |
| Cross-pollination allowed Mendel to breed plants with traits ___from those of their parents and then study the results | different |
| Mendel crossed plants with each of the seven contrasting characteristics and then studied their ___. | offspring |
| When doing genetic crosses, we call the original pair of plants the P, or ___, generation | parental |
| Their offspring are called the F1, or “first ___,” generation | first filial |
| For each trait studied in Mendel’s experiments, all the offspring had the characteristics of only ___of their parents, as shown in the table | one |
| In each cross, the nature of the other parent, with regard to each trait, seemed to have ___. | disapeared |
| An individual’s characteristics are determined by ___that are passed from one parental generation to the next | factors |
| Scientists call the factors that are passed from parent to offspring ___. | genes |
| Each of the traits Mendel studied was controlled by __gene that occurred in two contrasting varieties | one |
| These gene variations produced different expressions, or ___, of each trait | forms |
| The different forms of a gene are called ___ | allells |
| Mendel’s second conclusion is called the principle of ___ | dominance |
| In Mendel’s experiments, the allele for tall plants was ___ | dominant |
| the allele for short plants was ___. | recessive |
| How did this separation, or ___, of alleles occur | segregation |
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