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1.4 Respiration defs

Definitions needed for A2 biology respiration

TermDefinition
Energy The ability to do work.
ATP Adenosine triose phosphate. A phosphorylated nucleotide and is the universatl energy currency.
Anabolic Biochemical reactions where large molecules are synthasised from smaller ones.
Catabolic Reactions where larger molecules are hydrolysed to produce smaller molecules.
Oxidation Reactions that involve the loss of electrons.
Reduction Reactions that envolve the addition of electrons.
Redox reactions Reactions that involve both oxydation and reduction.
Glycolysis A metabolic pathway where each glucose molecule is broken down into 2 pyruvate. It occers in the cytoplasm of all living cells and in both areobic and anaerobic respiration.
Hexose Sugars with 6 carbon attoms in each molecule.
Hydrolysis Breaking down of large molecules to smaller molecules by the addition of water.
Triose Sugars with 3 carbon atoms per molecule.
Mitochondria Organelles found in eucariotic cells. They are siters of the link reaction, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. These are the aerobic stages of respiration.
Link reaction Converts pyruvate into acetate (as acetyl co A. NAD is reduced.
Krebs cycle Oxydises acetate to CO2. NAD and FAD are reduced. ATP is made via substrate level phosphorylation.
Oxidative phosphorylation The formation of ATP by adding a phosphate group to ADP in the presence of oxygen. Wich is the final electron acceptor.
Chemiosmosis The diffusion of ions through a partialy permiable membrane. It realates spesificly to the flow of H+ accross a membrane, coupled with the generation of ATP. It is the inner mitocondrial membrane in eukariotes or the cell surface membrane in prokaryotes.
Anaerobic respiration The release of energy from substrates such as glucose, in the absence of oxygen.
Respiratory substrates An organic substrate that can me used for respiration.
1 Mole The gram molecular mass of a substance. 180g of glucose = 1 mole.
Created by: 06whitnl
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