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Nikolina (Chapter 7)
Discovery of Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cells | Basic unit of all organisms; all living things are composed of cells |
| Anton Von Leeuwenhoek | Scientist who first studied cells using a simple light microscope |
| Robert Hooke | Scientist who studied cells using a compound light microscope |
| Cell theory (all parts and who developed it) | 1.all organisms are composed of one or more cells (Leeuwenhoek) 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms (Hooke) 3. All cells come from preexisting cells (Matthias Schleiden) |
| Prokaryotes | Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, each of which is composed of a prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells lack internal membrane-bound structures. |
| Eukaryotes | Unicellular of multicellular organisms, such as yeast, plants, a animals, composed of eukaryotic Ellis, which contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| Objective | Consists of 3 pieces which let you magnify whatever it is you're looking at more or less |
| Nosepiece | Piece of the microscope that holds the objectives |
| Coarse adjustment | Moves the stage up and down |
| Fine adjustment | Adjusts the light |
| Diaphragm | Also has to do with the light |
| Stage | Piece of the microscope on which you place whatever it is you're looking at |
| Cell wall | Fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists; provides support and protection |
| Cell membrane | Cell membrane isn't in the book so i'm going to assume you needed the plasma membrane which is the flexible boundary between the cell and its environment, to allow steady supply of nutrients to come into the cell no matter what the external conditions are |
| Cellulose | an organic compound with the formula n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand β linked D-glucose units. |
| Glucose | a simple monosaccharide found in plants. It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with fructose and galactose, that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion |
| Homeostasis | organism's regulation of its internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for survival; a characteristic of all living things. |
| Selectively permeable | a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out. |
| Lipid | Large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount oxygen. Examples are fats, oils, waxes, etx. Are insoluble in water and used by cells for energy storage, insulation, and protective coatings, such as in membranes |
| Phospholipid | Lipids with an attached phosphate group; plasma membranes are composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins |
| Hydrophobic | Repelling, tending not to combine with, or incapable of dissolving in water |
| Hydrophilic | having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water. |
| Fluid mosaic model | The model of the plasma membrane |
| Amino acids | a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (-COOH) and an amino (-NH2) group |
| Protein | Large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism. |
| Organelle | membrane-bound structures with particular functions with eukarayotic cells |
| Nucleus (of cell) | central cell organelle of eukaryote, containing DNA and protein within a membrane |
| Nucleolus | organelle in eukaryotic cell nucleus that produces ribosomes |
| Chromatin | long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes |
| Ribosomes | non-membranebound organelles in the nucleus where proteins are assembled |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of of highly folded membranes surrounded in cytoplasm; site of cellular chemical reactions; can either be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth(without ribosomes) |
| Rough endoplasmic Reticulum | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of of highly folded membranes surrounded in cytoplasm; site of cellular chemical reactions with ribosomes |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of of highly folded membranes surrounded in cytoplasm; site of cellular chemical reactions without ribosomes |
| Mitochondria | eukaryotic membrane-bound organelles that transform energy stored in food molecules; has a highly folded inner membrane that produces energy-storing molecules |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism |
| Cristae | each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane. |
| Golgi complex | a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells (especially in those cells that produce secretions) |
| Vacuole | membrane-bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials |
| Lysosomes | organelles that contain digestive enzymes; digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria |
| Chloroplasts | chlorophyll- containing organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists; capture light energy and converted it to chemical energy |
| Thylakoids | each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana. |
| Grana | the stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast |
| Stroma | Stroma |
| Cilia | short, numerous, hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules; frequently aid in locomotion |
| Flagella | long projections composed of microtubules; found on some cell surfaces; they help propel cells and organisms by whiplike motion |
| Photosynthesis | process by which autotrophs, such as algae and plants, trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars |
| Chlorophyll | light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis;absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green |
| Centrioles | In animal cells, a pair of small cylindrical structures composed of microtubules that duplicate during interphase and move to opposite ends of the cell during prophase |
| Cytoskeleton | cellular framework found within the cytoplasm composed of civrotubules and microfilaments |
| Cytoplasm | Clear, geelatinous fluid in cells that is the site of numerous chemical reactions in Eukaryotic cells, it suspends the cell's organelles |
| DNA | a nucleic acid; the master copy of an organism's information code that contains the instructions used to form all of an organism's enzymes and structural proteins |
Created by:
Nikkkikaay
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