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Invasive Species

QuestionAnswer
Invasive Species Species introduced from another area whose population growth is so high that they spread uncontrollably
Humans have moved plants and animals around the world... Accidently and Purposefully
On purpose Rabbits, Starlings, English Sparrow, and Kudzu
Accident Zebra mussel, Fire Ants, Asian Tiger, Mosquito, Snakehead Fish
What is Kudzu? An erosion plant -solves erosion problems, but is a killer to trees
What species does not cause ecological problems? Common Dandelion
Why do some species cause ecological problems? Because their reproductive rates are higher than their death rates OR they spread b/c they have no natural resources
Ecological problems Predation, Competition, Disease Transmission, and Economic costs
When population growth rate reaches carrying capacity... Population slows down
Examples of Predation American Elm (Dutch Elm Disease) and American Chestnut (Chestnut Blight)
Examples of Compeition European Starling and Eastern Bluebird
What did they compete over? Nests
European Starling cam from where? Brought from England to the U.S. b/c they wanted Shakespeare birds
Starlings are taking over small nesting cavities causing the Bluebird population to... Decline
Japanese Honeysuckle Took over other vegetation
Purple Loosestrife Invasion Has no purpose- Doesn't provide for the native animals and blocks them out from certain areas
Examples of Economic Costs Zebra Mussel, Cheatgrass, and Hydrilla
What does Zebra mussel do? Settles in pipes ----- list 5 effects
1st Effect Clogs water intake or outtake pipes (drinking water, boats)
2nd Effect Ruin fish spawning grounds by covering lake bottoms
3rd Effect Changes the composition in the lake
4th Effect Sharp-edged shells wash onto the beach causing serious injuries
5th Effect Changes energy flow in the ecosystem from open-water based to lake-bottom based
Cheatgrass Eliminates native species, increases fire fuels, takes money to put out the fire
Quality of Cheatgrass Fire burns more hotter and more destructive
Hydrilla Clogs lakes, reduces recreation quality (fishing)
What species was introduced to reduce Hydrilla clogging motor boats? Pak Fly (not native
Example of Transmit Human Disease Asian Tiger Mosquito
How did Asian Tiger Mosquito end up in U.S.? Traveled on Cargo ships on tires, brought from recycling, and laid eggs
What can we do to reduce invasion? Chemical, Mechanical, Biological, and Ecological Control
Chemical Control (pesticides) First method of defense
Negatives about Chemical control Expensive / tried a lot but wasn't successful / resistance evolved / can harm other species
Mechanical Control Harvesting can be successful in limited small areas, but not large areas
Negatives about Mechanical control Expensive / can harm other species / labor intensive
Biological Control (most successful method) Introduces natural enemy (predator)
Though before using a Biological control... It requires some research so native species will not be harmed
What chemical control is used for fire ants? Amdro- targeted pesticide that makes ant queen sterile
What other thing helps decrease fire ant population? Pak flies- Uses the fire ants head as a breeding spot
Mongoose kept was species controlled? Snakes, but then its population got out of control
Ecological Control Manipulating environmental factors to give native species a competitive edge (fire, flood)
Example of Ecological Control Japanese Honeysuckle and Austrialian Rabbits
What did we do to control Japanese Honeysuckle? By starting a fire in Arkansas woodlands
Negative about starting a fire Economic cost to put out the fire
What did the Rabbits do to become an invasive species? Destroyed grazing habitats
Incorrect controls/methods Placing foam pellets filled with Carbon Monoxide above the openings to trap the rabbits and kill them from the inside / Hunted them till them became extinct
Correct control/method Introduced a virus
Created by: animalsavior
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