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A & P review
Anatomy and Physiology Questions for Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| homestasis | ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in response to changing external/internal conditions |
| Steps to make sure homeostasis in maintained | 1. Stimulus received ( temp/muscle stretch) 2. Receptor detects stimulus (sensory neurons) 3. Receptor sends info to control center 4. control center intergrates input and intiats change through effector 5. Control center sends output info to effecto |
| levels of organization, (small to large) | atoms, cells, tissue, organ, system, organism |
| # of protons | Atomic Number |
| # electrons | equal to proton if not charged |
| # neutrons | mass #- atomic # |
| polar covalent bond | unequal sharing of e |
| non polar covalent | equal sharing |
| hydrogen bond | between weak polar molecules (H - atom) |
| Is a polar substance hydrophilic or hydrophobic | hydrophilic |
| nonpolar? | hydrophobic |
| water spontaneuosly dissociates to form | ions in equal amounts, so no net charge |
| Acid in H20 will dissociate to | H+ ions (the acid will donate protons) |
| A base in H20 will dissociate to | OH - (the base will be a proton acceptor) |
| is the H+ or OH- concentrations higher in an acid | H+> OH- |
| Buffers | Help prevent pH changes and can neutralize substances if there are changes |
| When a buffer acts as a base it.... When a buffer acts as an acid it.... example of a buffer | accepts excess H+ from acid donates H+ to base blood |
| biomolecules contain | C,H,O and sometimes N, P, S |
| what is a synthesis rxn | monomer + monomer to make polymer |
| Digestion Rxn | polymer broken down to its monomers |
| nucleotides are linked by____which allows | phosphodiester bonds which allow genetic info to be stores and transfer between cells |
| amino acids are linked by ____ to make____ in a ____rxn | peptide bonds, polypeptides, dehydration |
| ______ different proteins that function in | inside the cell, outside the cell, plasma membrane, and bodily fluids |
| Functions of proteins that we talked about | catalysts, defense as antibodies, transport, structural support, movement, regulation, and storage |
| 4 different types of tissue | epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle |
| Where is epithelial tissue found | body surfaces, lines body cavities, forms majority of glands |
| characteristics of epithelial cells | cellularity, polarity, attachment to basement membrane, avascularity (control bleeding?), extensive innervation, high regeneration capacity |
| Epithelial Functions | physical protection, selective permeability, secretions, sensations |
| epithelial classification by cell layers | simple- 1 layer stratified- 2 or more layers pseudo stratified - appears stratified but all cells connect directly to basement membrane |
| epithelial classification by shape at apical surface | squamos-flat cuboidlal- as tall as they are wide columnar- taller than they are wide transitional-change shape depending on amount of stretch |
| Simple epithelial is best for | absorption, secretion, and diffusion |
| stratified is best for | physical protections |
| simple squamos | alveoli in lungs and capillary walls for diffusion of gasses |
| simple cuboidal | convoluted tubule of kidney for absorption and secretion from filtrate |
| simple columnar | smal intestine for absorbing nutrients, gobelt cell secrete mucosa |
| non keratinized stratified squamos | lining of oral cavity/esophagus for protection |
| keratinized stratified | epidermis of skin, stronger protection than non keratanized |
| transitional | lining of urinary bladder so it can expand and shrink |
| psuedo stratified ciliated columnar | upper respiratory for protection, secretion of mucus. cilia propels mucus |
| Connective Tissue Proper | binds structures |
| Dense connective tissue proper vs loose connective tissue proper and exampls | dense-resistant to stress, stretches and recoils (dermis of skin, tendon between arm bones, aorta) loose - insulation and cushion (areolar, subcantaves layers of skin, spleen) |
| Supporting Connective Tissue and 2 types | physical protection and framework cartilage and bone |
| fluid connecting tissue | Blood |
Created by:
briannasiravo
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