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TB
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is TB spread? | Droplets of mucus and saliva, airborne or passed through contact. Dust particles; dried out droplets can survive for several weeks. |
| What are the symptoms of TB? | Coughing, blood stained sputum, weight loss and night sweats |
| What are the two main types of TB? | Pulmonary TB and Glandular TB |
| Why is there an increase in the number of TB infections in the UK? | increased immigration, increased foreign travel, people not taking part in vaccination programmes and drug resistant strains. |
| How is TB diagnosed? | Skin and blood tests, chest X rays and identification of bacteria in sputum |
| What is injected into the skin? | tuberculin injected into the forearm. |
| If the area is inflamed around the injection site what does this show? | That the person has tuberculosis (+ve result) due to TB antigens and antibodies being present. |
| How can a skin test produce inaccurate results? | BCG injection (+ve result) latent TB, no antibodies (-ve result) |
| How is a blood test more accurate? | Analyse blood sample for antigens specific to M. tuberculosis |
| What does a chest X ray show? | extent of the damage and disease |
| Identification of bacteria | sputum sample taken then cultured, bacteria identified using staining |
| Why would it advantageous for bacteria to remain in upper part of the lung? | Oxygen supply would be greatest. |
| What is a granuloma? | The area of infection within the lung. |
| What are the two phases of tuberculosis? | primary infection active TB |
| What are tubercles? | anaerobic with dead bacteria and macrophages |
| How long does it take a tubercle to heal? | 3-8 weeks, most heal unoticed |
| How does M. tuberculosis survive inside the body. | survive inside macrophage, resistant to killing mechanisms. Thick waxy cell wall. |
| How does the second phase occur? | immune system cannot contain the disease when it first arrives in the lungs. Huge numbers of bacteria present due to weakened immune system. |
| How does the immune system weaken? | Stress, malnutrition, immune suppressing disease e.g. HIV |
| What happens when TB suppresses T cell production? | antibody production is reduced attack by T killer cells reduced |
Created by:
07blandforderin
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