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Chapters 18,19,&20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Virus | composed of nucleic acids and enclosed in a protein coat |
| host cell | a cell in which the virus replicates |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects a bacterium |
| caspid | the outer protein coat |
| lytic cycle | 1. same way as lytic cycle except the virus becomes part of the host chromosome and becomes dormant for a while as a provirus. 2. it also replicates as the host cell replicates 3. it may burst releasing all of the viruses |
| lysogenic cycle | 1. same way as lytic cycle except the virus becomes part of the host chromosome and becomes dormant for a while as a provirus. 2. it also replicates as the host cell replicates 3. it may burst releasing all of the viruses |
| provirus | Viral DNA that is integrated into the host cell's chromosome. |
| retrovirus | the RNA virus with the most complex replication cycle |
| reverse transcriptase | an enzyme it carries inside its capsid |
| prions | composed of proteins but have no nucleic acid to carry genetic info |
| viroids | composed of a single circular strand of RNA with no protein coat |
| chemosynthesis | break down and release the energy of inorganic compounds containing sulfur and nirtrogen |
| binary fission | bacteria reproduce asexually |
| conjagation | one bacterium transfers all or part of its chromosome to another cell through or on a bridgelike structure |
| obligate aerobes | bacteria that require oxygen |
| obligate anaerobes | do not require oxygen to live |
| endospore | a timy structure that contains a bacterium's DNA and a small amount of its cytoplams |
| toxin | deadly poison |
| nitrogen fixation | converts N2 into ammonia |
| protozoa | animal like protists |
| algae | plantlike protist |
| psuedopodia | cytoplasm-containing extensions of their plasma |
| asexual reproduction | reproducing with only 1 organism |
| flagellates | have one or more flagellas |
| ciliates | use the cilia to move |
| sporozoans | reproduce using spores |
| spore | a reproduction cell |
| thallus | the body of a seaweed as well as a plant and other organisms |
| colony | a group of cells that live together in close asssociation |
| fragmentation | an individual breaks up into pieces and each piece grows into a new individual |
| alternation of generation | the life cycle patterns |
| gametophyte | the haploid form of the organism |
| sporophyte | the gamestes fuse to form a zygote from which the diploid form the organism |
| plasmodium | a mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes |
| hypha | threadlike filaments |
| mycelium | network of filaments |
| chitin | complex carb |
| haustoria | specialized hyphae |
| budding | a form of asexual reproduction |
| sporanguim | a sac or case in which spores are produced |
| stolons | hyphae that grows horizontally along the surface of bread |
| rhizoids | penetrates the food and anchors the mycelium in the bread |
| zygospore | thick-walled spores that can withstand unfavorable condition |
| gametangium | a structure containing a haploid nucleus |
| ascus | tiny saclike structures |
| asospores | the sexual spores |
| conidiophores | fungal hyphae grow up from the mycelium and enlongate and form this |
| conidia | develops form the tips of conidiophores |
| basidiospores | produced in basidia during reproduction |
| mycorrhiza | a mutualistic relationship in which a fungus lives symbiotically with a plant |
| lichen | a symbiotic association between a fungus |
Created by:
_hannahmiley
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