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8th GRADE SCIENCE

CHAP 6 VOCABULARY QUIZ earthquakes

TermDefinition
seismometer instrument used to detect earthquakes
earthquake a series of low-frequency shock waves traveling through the earth's crust
compression stress a crushing stress force
tension stress a pulling, tugging force
shear stress it exists when forces are acting in opposite directions, most important force in producing earthquakes
divergent boundaries spreading zones along some plate joint margins in which plate sections are moving apart
convergent boundaries zones of collision or subduction where plates are moving toward each other
transform boundaries places where plates slide past each other in opposite directions along long cracks in the crust
joint crack in rocks with no visible movement of rock pieces along a surface
fault occurs when the sections of rock on opposite sides of the crack move relative to each other
the compass direction of fault line strike
the angle of the fault face downward from the horizontal dip
when the fault's motion is up and down dip-slip fault
when the block above the fault surface drops in relation to the block under the fault normal fault
when the upper block rose in relation to the lower block reverse fault
occurs when the only motion along the fault is horizontal strike-slip fault
the fastest body waves; they travel through solid and liquid rock P waves
they travel along the earth's surface; they are the last to reach a seismic station surface waves
they have the largest amplitude; stronger and slower than other waves S waves
the center of an earthquake's activity; deep underground focus
the spot on the earth's surface directly above the center of activity epicenter
the strength of an earthquake's energy magnitude
a measure of how much damage actually results from the earthquake intensity
devastating waves caused by shaking a body of water; can travel thousands of miles tsuanamis
scale used to report earthquakes strength; not a linear relationship; 1 unit equals 31.6 times more energy than the next unit Richter scale
Created by: biobob
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