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8th GRADE SCIENCE
CHAP 6 VOCABULARY QUIZ earthquakes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| seismometer | instrument used to detect earthquakes |
| earthquake | a series of low-frequency shock waves traveling through the earth's crust |
| compression stress | a crushing stress force |
| tension stress | a pulling, tugging force |
| shear stress | it exists when forces are acting in opposite directions, most important force in producing earthquakes |
| divergent boundaries | spreading zones along some plate joint margins in which plate sections are moving apart |
| convergent boundaries | zones of collision or subduction where plates are moving toward each other |
| transform boundaries | places where plates slide past each other in opposite directions along long cracks in the crust |
| joint | crack in rocks with no visible movement of rock pieces along a surface |
| fault | occurs when the sections of rock on opposite sides of the crack move relative to each other |
| the compass direction of fault line | strike |
| the angle of the fault face downward from the horizontal | dip |
| when the fault's motion is up and down | dip-slip fault |
| when the block above the fault surface drops in relation to the block under the fault | normal fault |
| when the upper block rose in relation to the lower block | reverse fault |
| occurs when the only motion along the fault is horizontal | strike-slip fault |
| the fastest body waves; they travel through solid and liquid rock | P waves |
| they travel along the earth's surface; they are the last to reach a seismic station | surface waves |
| they have the largest amplitude; stronger and slower than other waves | S waves |
| the center of an earthquake's activity; deep underground | focus |
| the spot on the earth's surface directly above the center of activity | epicenter |
| the strength of an earthquake's energy | magnitude |
| a measure of how much damage actually results from the earthquake | intensity |
| devastating waves caused by shaking a body of water; can travel thousands of miles | tsuanamis |
| scale used to report earthquakes strength; not a linear relationship; 1 unit equals 31.6 times more energy than the next unit | Richter scale |
Created by:
biobob
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