Complementary base pairing

The pairing of complementary nitrogenous bases between the two strands of the DNA molecule, between DNA and RNA, or between different segments of an RNA molecule. The pairings are as follows: adenine (A) thymine (T) while guanine (G) with cytosine (C).

Convergent evolution describes the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar functions and characteristics

Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments which creates new gene flow

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Primary genetic material of all cells. DNA molecules are a long, chain-like strings of polysugar and phosphate chemical groups.

a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.

(1) The change in genetic composition of a population over successive generations, which may be caused by natural selection, inbreeding, hybridization, or mutation. (2) The sequence a species or of a group of related organisms; phylogeny.

In population genetics, gene flow is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another. Migration into or out of a population may be responsible for a marked change in allele frequencies.

variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.

gradual change: species tend to accumulate changes fairly steadily.

the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, of chromosomes

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

A nitrogenous base is a nitrogen-containing organic molecule having the chemical properties of a base. A nitrogenous base owes its basic properties to the lone pair of electrons.

Any mating system in which males are not randomly assigned to females.

Punctuated Equilibrium model

Punctuated equilibrium is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that most species will exhibit little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history.

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Super-phosphate backbone

The sugar-phosphate backbone, as its name implies, is the major structural component of the DNA molecule. The backbone is constructed from alternating ribose sugar and phosphate molecules which are highly polar.

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SLS Bio11 Evolution

Bio 11 SLS Evolution AW

Term	Definition
Complementary base pairing	The pairing of complementary nitrogenous bases between the two strands of the DNA molecule, between DNA and RNA, or between different segments of an RNA molecule. The pairings are as follows: adenine (A) thymine (T) while guanine (G) with cytosine (C).
Convergent Evolution	Convergent evolution describes the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar functions and characteristics
Divergent Evolution	Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments which creates new gene flow
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)	Primary genetic material of all cells. DNA molecules are a long, chain-like strings of polysugar and phosphate chemical groups.
Double Helix	a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.
Evolutionary Change	(1) The change in genetic composition of a population over successive generations, which may be caused by natural selection, inbreeding, hybridization, or mutation. (2) The sequence a species or of a group of related organisms; phylogeny.
Gene flow	In population genetics, gene flow is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another. Migration into or out of a population may be responsible for a marked change in allele frequencies.
Genetic Drift	variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.
Gradual Change model	gradual change: species tend to accumulate changes fairly steadily.
Mutation	the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, of chromosomes
Natural Selection	the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Nitrogenous base	A nitrogenous base is a nitrogen-containing organic molecule having the chemical properties of a base. A nitrogenous base owes its basic properties to the lone pair of electrons.
Non-random mating	Any mating system in which males are not randomly assigned to females.
Punctuated Equilibrium model	Punctuated equilibrium is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that most species will exhibit little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history.
Speciation	the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Super-phosphate backbone	The sugar-phosphate backbone, as its name implies, is the major structural component of the DNA molecule. The backbone is constructed from alternating ribose sugar and phosphate molecules which are highly polar.

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