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AKane-cell structure
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell theory | theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms |
| Organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Plasma Membrane | a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole. |
| Nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. |
| Cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Cell wall | a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
| Prokaryotic cell | a group of organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. |
| Eukaryotic cell | an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other structures enclosed within membranes. |
| nuclear envelope | A nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, nucleolemma or karyotheca, is the double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells |
| nucleolus | a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. |
| golgi apparatus | a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| vacuole | a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
| lysosome | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| mitochondria | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
| chloroplast | (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| ribosome | a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. |
| flagella | a slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim. |
| cilia | plural form of cilium |
| cell specialization | The characteristic of having separate roles for each type of cell in a multicellular organism; the cells are specifically designed for a certain function |
| centriole | a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division. |
| cytoskeleton | a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around cells. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | a process of passive transport, with this passive transport aided by integral membrane proteins. |
| Endocytosis | the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. |
| Pinocytosis | the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. |
| Hypertonic Solution | Tonicity. "Hypotonic" redirects here. For the muscular disease, see Hypotonia. Tonicity is a measure of the osmotic pressure gradient (as defined by the water potential of the two solutions) of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme. |
| Transport Protein | a protein which serves the function of moving other materials within an organism. Transport proteins are vital to the growth and life of all living things. |
| Active Transport | the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. |
| Exocytosis | a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. |
| Isotonic Solution | a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood |
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | an antiporter enzyme located in the plasma membrane of all animal cells. |
| Cellular Respiration | the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide |
| Aerobic | relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen. |
| Osmosis | a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| Passive Transport | transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required |
| Phagocytosis | the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and ameboid protozoans |
| Hypotonic Solution | measure of the osmotic pressure gradient of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. |
| Fermentation | the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat. |
| Chlorophyll | a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring. |
| Anaerobic | relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen. |
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2016kanea
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