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cburkett-cellstructu
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell theory | generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| organelle | part of a cell with a specific function |
| plasma membrane | thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings |
| nucleus | in an atom, the central core that contains protons and neutrons in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| cytoplasm | region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
| cell wall | strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape |
| prokaryotic cell | cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles |
| eukaryotic cell | cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus |
| nucleolus | ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus |
| endoplasmic reticulum | network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces a variety of molecules |
| Golgi apparatus | cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products |
| vacuole | membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus |
| lysosome | membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides |
| mitochondria | cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs |
| chloroplast | organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
| ribosome | cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell |
| flagella | long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move |
| cilia | short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface |
| cell specialization | The characteristic of having separate roles for each type of cell in a multicellular organism; the cells are specifically designed for a certain function; it has a certain purpose or job. |
| centriole | a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division |
| cytoskeleton | a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
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