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ahenrique-cell struc
cell structure
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell theory | generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| organelle | part of a cell with a specific function |
| plasma membrane | thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings |
| nucleus | in an atom, the central core that contains protons and neutrons (Concept 4.2); in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| cytoplasm | region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
| cell wall | strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape |
| prokaryotic cell | cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles |
| eukaryotic cell | cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus |
| nucleolus | ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus |
| endoplasmic reticulum | network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces a variety of molecules |
| golgi apparatus | cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products |
| vacuole | membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus |
| lysosome | membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides |
| mitochondria | cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs |
| chloroplast | organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
| ribosome | cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell |
| flagella | long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move |
| cilia | short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface |
| cell specialization | the classification of cells according to special functions. The human body has an infinite number of cells which get replenished everyday. Examples of specialised cells include nerve cells, blood cells and epithelial cells. |
| centriole | a small cell organelle near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, that divides during mitosis, the new pair of centrioles moves ahead of the spindle to opposite poles of the cell as the cell divides. |
| cytoskeleton | a network of fibers throughout the cell's cytoplasm that helps the cell maintain its shape and gives support to the cell. |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | The lipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around cells |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Facilitated diffusion is a process of passive transport,needs no energy. |
| Endocytosis | the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. |
| Pinocytosis | the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. |
| Hypertonic Solution | |
| Photosynthesis | process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |
| ATP | main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
| Transport Protein | |
| Active Transport | movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell |
| Exocytosis | process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside the cell |
| Isotonic Solution | |
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | |
| Cellular Respiration | chemical process that uses oxygen to convert chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ATP |
| Aerobic | requiring oxygen |
| Osmosis | passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Passive Transport | diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell |
| Phagocytosis | |
| Hypotonic Solution | |
| Fermentation | cellular process of making ATP without oxygen |
| Chlorophyll | pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis |
| Anaerobic | without oxygen |
Created by:
2016henriquea
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